<p>Let <i>m</i>,&#xa0;<i>n</i>,&#xa0;<i>s</i> be positive integers. Let <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="13398_2025_1751_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="58" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathcal{F}\mathcal{M}_{m,n}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="script">F</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="script">M</mi> <mrow> <mi>m</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>n</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> denotes the category of fibered manifolds with <i>m</i>-dimensional bases and <i>n</i>-dimensional fibres and their fibered local diffeomorphisms. We prove that if <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="13398_2025_1751_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="15" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="47" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(m\ge 3\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>m</mi> <mo>≥</mo> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> then any <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="13398_2025_1751_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="58" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathcal{F}\mathcal{M}_{m,n}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="script">F</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="script">M</mi> <mrow> <mi>m</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>n</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>-natural operator <i>C</i> transforming pairs <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="13398_2025_1751_Article_IEq4.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="47" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\((\lambda ,X)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>λ</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>X</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> of Lagrangians <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="13398_2025_1751_Article_IEq5.gif" Format="GIF" Height="20" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="149" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\lambda :J^sY\rightarrow \bigwedge ^mT^*M\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>λ</mi> <mo>:</mo> <msup> <mi>J</mi> <mi>s</mi> </msup> <mi>Y</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <msup> <mo>⋀</mo> <mi>m</mi> </msup> <msup> <mi>T</mi> <mo>∗</mo> </msup> <mi>M</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> on <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="13398_2025_1751_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="58" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathcal{F}\mathcal{M}_{m,n}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="script">F</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="script">M</mi> <mrow> <mi>m</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>n</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>-objects <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="13398_2025_1751_Article_IEq7.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="61" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(Y\rightarrow M\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>Y</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <mi>M</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and vector fields <i>X</i> on <i>M</i> into Euler maps <InlineEquation ID="IEq8"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="13398_2025_1751_Article_IEq8.gif" Format="GIF" Height="20" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="257" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(C(\lambda ,X):J^{2s}Y\rightarrow V^*Y\otimes \bigwedge ^m T^*M\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>C</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>λ</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>X</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>:</mo> <msup> <mi>J</mi> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> <mi>s</mi> </mrow> </msup> <mi>Y</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <msup> <mi>V</mi> <mo>∗</mo> </msup> <mi>Y</mi> <mo>⊗</mo> <msup> <mo>⋀</mo> <mi>m</mi> </msup> <msup> <mi>T</mi> <mo>∗</mo> </msup> <mi>M</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> on <i>Y</i> is of the form <InlineEquation ID="IEq9"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="13398_2025_1751_Article_IEq9.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="125" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(C(\lambda ,X)=cE(\lambda )\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>C</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>λ</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>X</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>=</mo> <mi>c</mi> <mi>E</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>λ</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, <InlineEquation ID="IEq10"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="13398_2025_1751_Article_IEq10.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="44" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(c\in \textbf{R}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>c</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mi mathvariant="bold">R</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, where <i>E</i> is the Euler operator. We also prove that if <InlineEquation ID="IEq11"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="13398_2025_1751_Article_IEq11.gif" Format="GIF" Height="15" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="47" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(m\ge 2\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>m</mi> <mo>≥</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and <InlineEquation ID="IEq12"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="13398_2025_1751_Article_IEq12.gif" Format="GIF" Height="15" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="43" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(n\ge 2\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mo>≥</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, then any <InlineEquation ID="IEq13"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="13398_2025_1751_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="58" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathcal{F}\mathcal{M}_{m,n}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="script">F</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="script">M</mi> <mrow> <mi>m</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>n</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>-natural operator <i>D</i> transforming tuples <InlineEquation ID="IEq14"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="13398_2025_1751_Article_IEq14.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="44" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\((\epsilon ,X)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>ϵ</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>X</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> of Euler maps <InlineEquation ID="IEq15"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="13398_2025_1751_Article_IEq15.gif" Format="GIF" Height="20" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="200" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\epsilon :J^sY\rightarrow V^*Y\otimes \bigwedge ^mT^*M\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>ϵ</mi> <mo>:</mo> <msup> <mi>J</mi> <mi>s</mi> </msup> <mi>Y</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <msup> <mi>V</mi> <mo>∗</mo> </msup> <mi>Y</mi> <mo>⊗</mo> <msup> <mo>⋀</mo> <mi>m</mi> </msup> <msup> <mi>T</mi> <mo>∗</mo> </msup> <mi>M</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> on <InlineEquation ID="IEq16"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="13398_2025_1751_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="58" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathcal{F}\mathcal{M}_{m,n}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="script">F</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="script">M</mi> <mrow> <mi>m</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>n</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>-objects <InlineEquation ID="IEq17"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="13398_2025_1751_Article_IEq7.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="61" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(Y\rightarrow M\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>Y</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <mi>M</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and vector fields <i>X</i> on <i>M</i> into Helmholtz maps <InlineEquation ID="IEq18"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="13398_2025_1751_Article_IEq18.gif" Format="GIF" Height="20" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="327" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(D(\epsilon ,X):J^{2s}Y\rightarrow V^*J^sY\otimes V^*Y\otimes \bigwedge ^m T^*M\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>D</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>ϵ</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>X</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>:</mo> <msup> <mi>J</mi> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> <mi>s</mi> </mrow> </msup> <mi>Y</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <msup> <mi>V</mi> <mo>∗</mo> </msup> <msup> <mi>J</mi> <mi>s</mi> </msup> <mi>Y</mi> <mo>⊗</mo> <msup> <mi>V</mi> <mo>∗</mo> </msup> <mi>Y</mi> <mo>⊗</mo> <msup> <mo>⋀</mo> <mi>m</mi> </msup> <msup> <mi>T</mi> <mo>∗</mo> </msup> <mi>M</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> on <InlineEquation ID="IEq19"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="13398_2025_1751_Article_IEq7.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="61" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(Y\rightarrow M\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>Y</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <mi>M</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is of the form <InlineEquation ID="IEq20"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="13398_2025_1751_Article_IEq20.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="122" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(D(\epsilon ,X)=cH(\epsilon )\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>D</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>ϵ</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>X</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>=</mo> <mi>c</mi> <mi>H</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>ϵ</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> for a real number <i>c</i>, where <i>H</i> is the Helmholtz operator.</p>

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Uniqueness results for the Euler and Helmholtz operators from the variational calculus

  • Włodzimierz Mikulski

摘要

Let mns be positive integers. Let \(\mathcal{F}\mathcal{M}_{m,n}\) F M m , n denotes the category of fibered manifolds with m-dimensional bases and n-dimensional fibres and their fibered local diffeomorphisms. We prove that if \(m\ge 3\) m 3 then any \(\mathcal{F}\mathcal{M}_{m,n}\) F M m , n -natural operator C transforming pairs \((\lambda ,X)\) ( λ , X ) of Lagrangians \(\lambda :J^sY\rightarrow \bigwedge ^mT^*M\) λ : J s Y m T M on \(\mathcal{F}\mathcal{M}_{m,n}\) F M m , n -objects \(Y\rightarrow M\) Y M and vector fields X on M into Euler maps \(C(\lambda ,X):J^{2s}Y\rightarrow V^*Y\otimes \bigwedge ^m T^*M\) C ( λ , X ) : J 2 s Y V Y m T M on Y is of the form \(C(\lambda ,X)=cE(\lambda )\) C ( λ , X ) = c E ( λ ) , \(c\in \textbf{R}\) c R , where E is the Euler operator. We also prove that if \(m\ge 2\) m 2 and \(n\ge 2\) n 2 , then any \(\mathcal{F}\mathcal{M}_{m,n}\) F M m , n -natural operator D transforming tuples \((\epsilon ,X)\) ( ϵ , X ) of Euler maps \(\epsilon :J^sY\rightarrow V^*Y\otimes \bigwedge ^mT^*M\) ϵ : J s Y V Y m T M on \(\mathcal{F}\mathcal{M}_{m,n}\) F M m , n -objects \(Y\rightarrow M\) Y M and vector fields X on M into Helmholtz maps \(D(\epsilon ,X):J^{2s}Y\rightarrow V^*J^sY\otimes V^*Y\otimes \bigwedge ^m T^*M\) D ( ϵ , X ) : J 2 s Y V J s Y V Y m T M on \(Y\rightarrow M\) Y M is of the form \(D(\epsilon ,X)=cH(\epsilon )\) D ( ϵ , X ) = c H ( ϵ ) for a real number c, where H is the Helmholtz operator.