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<p>Photocatalytic WO<sub>3</sub> materials with visible light responsiveness have attracted interest in eco-friendly wastewater treatment, antimicrobial applications, and indoor air purification. In this study, WO<sub>3</sub>/amorphous carbon dot composite coatings were produced on glass substrates using an ultrasonic spray deposition followed by heat treatment, enabling scalable and cost-effective large-area immobilized product. The precursor suspension combined hydrothermally synthesized WO<sub>3</sub> nano cubes with citric acid (CA), which served as a carbon source. Drying and heat treatment induced carbonization of CA, resulting in a crack-free, adherent composite thin coatings comprising WO<sub>3</sub> nano cubes interconnected by localized amorphous carbon dots (aCDs), as confirmed by Raman, FTIR, and HRTEM analyses. The carbonaceous bridges enhanced interparticle connectivity and coating adhesion to the substrate. Photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue under visible light (Xenon lamp) achieved 95% reduction in 200&#xa0;min in basic pH. Photoluminescence spectroscopy confirmed synergistic interaction between WO<sub>3,</sub> and carbon dots promotes charge separation improving photocatalytic efficiency. Since the catalysts are stuck on the glass substrate surface compactly, the reusability becomes easier. This immobilized WO<sub>3</sub>/Carbon composite coating demonstrates promising potential for environmentally sustainable photocatalytic applications.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Photocatalytic WO3/Amorphous Carbon Dots Composite Coatings Immobilized by Ultrasonic Spray on Glass Substrate

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月17日

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  • V. Raja Preethi,
  • Sagarika Sahoo,
  • Ryun Kyung Lee,
  • Kee-Sun Lee

摘要

Photocatalytic WO3 materials with visible light responsiveness have attracted interest in eco-friendly wastewater treatment, antimicrobial applications, and indoor air purification. In this study, WO3/amorphous carbon dot composite coatings were produced on glass substrates using an ultrasonic spray deposition followed by heat treatment, enabling scalable and cost-effective large-area immobilized product. The precursor suspension combined hydrothermally synthesized WO3 nano cubes with citric acid (CA), which served as a carbon source. Drying and heat treatment induced carbonization of CA, resulting in a crack-free, adherent composite thin coatings comprising WO3 nano cubes interconnected by localized amorphous carbon dots (aCDs), as confirmed by Raman, FTIR, and HRTEM analyses. The carbonaceous bridges enhanced interparticle connectivity and coating adhesion to the substrate. Photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue under visible light (Xenon lamp) achieved 95% reduction in 200 min in basic pH. Photoluminescence spectroscopy confirmed synergistic interaction between WO3, and carbon dots promotes charge separation improving photocatalytic efficiency. Since the catalysts are stuck on the glass substrate surface compactly, the reusability becomes easier. This immobilized WO3/Carbon composite coating demonstrates promising potential for environmentally sustainable photocatalytic applications.

Graphical Abstract