<p>In general, the property of being an ideal-whether left, right, or two-sided-is not transitive in rings, a fact that has motivated significant research. In this paper, we introduce and investigate a new class of rings, denoted by <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathcal {K}_{1}\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, defined by the condition that if <i>J</i> is a left ideal of a left ideal <i>L</i> of a ring <i>R</i>, and also a right ideal of a right ideal <i>K</i> of <i>R</i>, then <i>J</i> is a left ideal of <i>R</i>. We show that <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathcal {K}_{1}\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is distinct from the Veldsman classes <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathcal {K} (x,y;z)\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> by Veldsman (Publ Math Debrecen 38(3–4):297–309, 1991) and we establish its position relative to them through strict inclusion relations. Several characterisations and properties of the rings in <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathcal {K}_{1}\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> are given. In particular, we present analogues of known results for the Veldsman classes: for example, we describe rings in <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathcal {K}_{1}\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> that are direct sums of copies of a ring, investigate their Baer radical and identify and study some properties of the largest subclass of <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathcal {K}_{1}\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> that is closed under direct sums.</p>

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On classes of rings related to the Veldsman classes

  • Deolinda Isabel Mendes

摘要

In general, the property of being an ideal-whether left, right, or two-sided-is not transitive in rings, a fact that has motivated significant research. In this paper, we introduce and investigate a new class of rings, denoted by \(\mathcal {K}_{1}\) , defined by the condition that if J is a left ideal of a left ideal L of a ring R, and also a right ideal of a right ideal K of R, then J is a left ideal of R. We show that \(\mathcal {K}_{1}\) is distinct from the Veldsman classes \(\mathcal {K} (x,y;z)\) by Veldsman (Publ Math Debrecen 38(3–4):297–309, 1991) and we establish its position relative to them through strict inclusion relations. Several characterisations and properties of the rings in \(\mathcal {K}_{1}\) are given. In particular, we present analogues of known results for the Veldsman classes: for example, we describe rings in \(\mathcal {K}_{1}\) that are direct sums of copies of a ring, investigate their Baer radical and identify and study some properties of the largest subclass of \(\mathcal {K}_{1}\) that is closed under direct sums.