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<p>Instant urban growth in Kabul city has induced groundwater use beyond safe limits, triggering the water table to deplete. To address this severe depletion, this study applied a standard GIS–AHP approach to develop the high-resolution urban groundwater potential zone (GWPZ) map for Kabul city. The framework is transferable to other data-scarce urban environments beyond the study area. Seven data sets—precipitation, geology, slope, drainage density, land use/land cover, lineament density plus soil type—were developed, weighted through AHP and overlaid in GIS. The analysis revealed only 15% of the city area earns the top rank “Excellent” groundwater potential zone in Districts 2, 9 and 17. Validation using 31 wells demonstrated a good association, with 75% of wells with shallow to medium water tables falling into the “Good” and “Excellent” zones. Model reliability revealed <b>|</b><i>r</i><b>|</b>= + 0.33, <i>R</i>2 = 0.11 between groundwater depth and GWPZ ranks. Even if prediction potential is weak, this study presents on the limited urban-scale groundwater potential assessment conducted for Kabul city using a GIS–AHP framework and provides a replicable framework and validation benchmark for sustainable groundwater management, guiding plans for protection, recharge, and extraction control strategies.</p>

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Urban-Scale Groundwater Potential Zones Mapping of Kabul City Using a Hybrid GIS–AHP Framework: A Case Study

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月8日

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  • Fazal Rahman Afghan,
  • Recep Yurtal

摘要

Instant urban growth in Kabul city has induced groundwater use beyond safe limits, triggering the water table to deplete. To address this severe depletion, this study applied a standard GIS–AHP approach to develop the high-resolution urban groundwater potential zone (GWPZ) map for Kabul city. The framework is transferable to other data-scarce urban environments beyond the study area. Seven data sets—precipitation, geology, slope, drainage density, land use/land cover, lineament density plus soil type—were developed, weighted through AHP and overlaid in GIS. The analysis revealed only 15% of the city area earns the top rank “Excellent” groundwater potential zone in Districts 2, 9 and 17. Validation using 31 wells demonstrated a good association, with 75% of wells with shallow to medium water tables falling into the “Good” and “Excellent” zones. Model reliability revealed |r|= + 0.33, R2 = 0.11 between groundwater depth and GWPZ ranks. Even if prediction potential is weak, this study presents on the limited urban-scale groundwater potential assessment conducted for Kabul city using a GIS–AHP framework and provides a replicable framework and validation benchmark for sustainable groundwater management, guiding plans for protection, recharge, and extraction control strategies.