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<p>Current research on red mud (RM) concrete has mainly emphasized mechanical properties when solid waste is used to partially replace cement, while its potential for sulfate resistance remains less explored. This study investigated the bond performance between RM concrete and steel rebar under different sulfate cation environments (Na₂SO₄, MgSO₄, and mixed Na₂SO₄ + MgSO₄), together with the strength and failure mode of RM concrete during sulfate attack. The results show that, under sulfate exposure, RM concrete achieved higher bond strength and mechanical properties than RM-free concrete, and the performance generally improved as RM content increased from 10 to 20%. After 120&#xa0;days of sulfate attack, the bond strength of RM20 increased by 23.6%, 52.0%, and 91.0% in Na₂SO₄, MgSO₄, and mixed solutions, respectively, compared with RM0. The compressive and splitting tensile strengths increased by 20.0% and 3.8% in Na₂SO₄, by 45.2% and 26.8% in MgSO₄, and by 60.8% and 32.1% in the mixed solution. The enhanced bond behavior was associated with improved mechanical properties and the modification of sulfate attack mechanisms by RM. RM reduced CH formation, limited expansive gypsum and ettringite, and promoted more stable hydration products (C-A-S–H and AFm). Microstructural analyses further indicated refined pore structure, a denser interfacial matrix, and delayed crack propagation, contributing to mitigated sulfate-induced deterioration.</p>

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Mechanical Properties and Bonding Performance of Red Mud Concrete under Different Sulfate Attacks

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月30日

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  • Yangyang He,
  • Zinan Fang,
  • Dewen Kong,
  • Tao Zheng,
  • Lingling Wang,
  • Xiangdong Cheng,
  • Fuchao Xu,
  • Zhen Liu,
  • Jing Shu

摘要

Current research on red mud (RM) concrete has mainly emphasized mechanical properties when solid waste is used to partially replace cement, while its potential for sulfate resistance remains less explored. This study investigated the bond performance between RM concrete and steel rebar under different sulfate cation environments (Na₂SO₄, MgSO₄, and mixed Na₂SO₄ + MgSO₄), together with the strength and failure mode of RM concrete during sulfate attack. The results show that, under sulfate exposure, RM concrete achieved higher bond strength and mechanical properties than RM-free concrete, and the performance generally improved as RM content increased from 10 to 20%. After 120 days of sulfate attack, the bond strength of RM20 increased by 23.6%, 52.0%, and 91.0% in Na₂SO₄, MgSO₄, and mixed solutions, respectively, compared with RM0. The compressive and splitting tensile strengths increased by 20.0% and 3.8% in Na₂SO₄, by 45.2% and 26.8% in MgSO₄, and by 60.8% and 32.1% in the mixed solution. The enhanced bond behavior was associated with improved mechanical properties and the modification of sulfate attack mechanisms by RM. RM reduced CH formation, limited expansive gypsum and ettringite, and promoted more stable hydration products (C-A-S–H and AFm). Microstructural analyses further indicated refined pore structure, a denser interfacial matrix, and delayed crack propagation, contributing to mitigated sulfate-induced deterioration.