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<p>This study presents a new class of hybrid adsorbents developed within an alginate matrix through the co-immobilization of aminosilane-modified natural zeolite (ANZ), epoxy-silane-functionalized oat straw biomass (OS-Ep), and oat straw biomass pretreated with a deep eutectic solvent (DES) and subsequently modified with epoxy silanes (IOS-Ep). Four alginate-based adsorbents were prepared using calcium chloride as a crosslinking agent: two single-component systems containing ANZ (ANZ-alg) or IOS-Ep (IOS-Ep-alg), and two hybrid systems obtained by crosslinking ANZ with each type of modified biomass, OS-Ep (ANZ/OS-Ep-alg) and IOS-Ep (ANZ/IOS-Ep-alg). All materials were characterized in detail. The adsorption performance of the prepared beads was evaluated using methyl violet (MV) and acetamiprid (AC) as complementary model organic pollutants. The hybrid alginate beads exhibited outstanding adsorption capacities, reaching nearly 1440&#xa0;mg&#xa0;g<sup>−1</sup> for MV in the ANZ/OS-Ep-alg system and 182&#xa0;mg&#xa0;g<sup>−1</sup> for AC in the ANZ/IOS-Ep-alg system. The IOS-Ep adsorbent without zeolite was included as a reference material, enabling assessment of the effect of deep eutectic solvent pretreatment and surface functionalization on adsorption efficiency. Kinetic analysis revealed a good fit with the pseudo-second-order model, indicating that chemisorption was the dominant adsorption mechanism. Thermodynamic parameters confirmed that MV adsorption was spontaneous and exothermic, whereas AC adsorption was endothermic and became increasingly efficient with increasing temperature. Desorption studies demonstrated good reusability of the hybrid adsorbents, with capacity retention exceeding 85% after three cycles. These findings indicate that hybrid adsorbents based on natural zeolite and oat straw incorporated into alginate matrices are efficient, regenerable, and potentially cost-effective materials for the removal of organic pollutants from aqueous systems.</p>

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Structural and Adsorptive Properties of Hybrid Alginate Beads Containing Aminosilane-Modified Clinoptilolite and Epoxy-Silane-Functionalized Oat Straw

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月18日

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  • Jelena Dimitrijević,
  • Sanja Jevtić,
  • Marija Simić,
  • Marija Koprivica,
  • Ljiljana Tolić Stojadinović,
  • Jelena Dikić,
  • Jelena Petrović

摘要

This study presents a new class of hybrid adsorbents developed within an alginate matrix through the co-immobilization of aminosilane-modified natural zeolite (ANZ), epoxy-silane-functionalized oat straw biomass (OS-Ep), and oat straw biomass pretreated with a deep eutectic solvent (DES) and subsequently modified with epoxy silanes (IOS-Ep). Four alginate-based adsorbents were prepared using calcium chloride as a crosslinking agent: two single-component systems containing ANZ (ANZ-alg) or IOS-Ep (IOS-Ep-alg), and two hybrid systems obtained by crosslinking ANZ with each type of modified biomass, OS-Ep (ANZ/OS-Ep-alg) and IOS-Ep (ANZ/IOS-Ep-alg). All materials were characterized in detail. The adsorption performance of the prepared beads was evaluated using methyl violet (MV) and acetamiprid (AC) as complementary model organic pollutants. The hybrid alginate beads exhibited outstanding adsorption capacities, reaching nearly 1440 mg g−1 for MV in the ANZ/OS-Ep-alg system and 182 mg g−1 for AC in the ANZ/IOS-Ep-alg system. The IOS-Ep adsorbent without zeolite was included as a reference material, enabling assessment of the effect of deep eutectic solvent pretreatment and surface functionalization on adsorption efficiency. Kinetic analysis revealed a good fit with the pseudo-second-order model, indicating that chemisorption was the dominant adsorption mechanism. Thermodynamic parameters confirmed that MV adsorption was spontaneous and exothermic, whereas AC adsorption was endothermic and became increasingly efficient with increasing temperature. Desorption studies demonstrated good reusability of the hybrid adsorbents, with capacity retention exceeding 85% after three cycles. These findings indicate that hybrid adsorbents based on natural zeolite and oat straw incorporated into alginate matrices are efficient, regenerable, and potentially cost-effective materials for the removal of organic pollutants from aqueous systems.