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<p>Thermal cycling dietary habits (e.g., consuming extremely hot/cold foods) are closely linked to cracked teeth, yet existing numerical simulations rarely explore teeth thermal fracture under temperature variations. Here, we improved the traditional smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method by introducing a failure coefficient <i>η</i> to characterize particle failure, discretized heat conduction equations into the SPH framework, and proposed a temperature boundary application method for complex tooth shapes. Through simulations of teeth thermal fracture under different temperatures (high/low) and heterogeneity coefficients, we found: (1) higher ambient temperatures accelerated tooth heating, increased temperature gradients and thermal stress, leading to earlier, more severe damage (rapidly penetrating from surface to interior); (2) lower temperatures accelerated cooling; damage initiated later than at high temperatures but developed faster, causing through-thickness damage and reduced stability; (3) a larger heterogeneity coefficient expedited damage onset, accelerated particle damage, expanded damage range, and formed complex internal damage networks. This study clarifies the mechanism of tooth thermal fracture and the key roles of temperature and heterogeneity, providing a theoretical basis for preventing cracked teeth. Future work will focus on 3D refined tooth modeling and high-performance parallel algorithms.</p>

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Investigating the Thermal Failure Mechanisms of Teeth: Insights from an Improved Thermal–Mechanical-Damage Coupling Meshless Numerical Method

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月24日

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  • Shuyang Yu,
  • Xiangyu Wang,
  • Li Ma,
  • Yifei Li,
  • Weidong Yin,
  • Hao Zheng,
  • Hui Chen

摘要

Thermal cycling dietary habits (e.g., consuming extremely hot/cold foods) are closely linked to cracked teeth, yet existing numerical simulations rarely explore teeth thermal fracture under temperature variations. Here, we improved the traditional smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method by introducing a failure coefficient η to characterize particle failure, discretized heat conduction equations into the SPH framework, and proposed a temperature boundary application method for complex tooth shapes. Through simulations of teeth thermal fracture under different temperatures (high/low) and heterogeneity coefficients, we found: (1) higher ambient temperatures accelerated tooth heating, increased temperature gradients and thermal stress, leading to earlier, more severe damage (rapidly penetrating from surface to interior); (2) lower temperatures accelerated cooling; damage initiated later than at high temperatures but developed faster, causing through-thickness damage and reduced stability; (3) a larger heterogeneity coefficient expedited damage onset, accelerated particle damage, expanded damage range, and formed complex internal damage networks. This study clarifies the mechanism of tooth thermal fracture and the key roles of temperature and heterogeneity, providing a theoretical basis for preventing cracked teeth. Future work will focus on 3D refined tooth modeling and high-performance parallel algorithms.