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<p>The current practice of heavy metal-laden waste disposal into the Yamuna River has led to rising speculation regarding the migration of the heavy metals from the river to the nearby geology, which includes the agricultural area and the groundwater. Therefore, attenuation of these heavy metals at the source becomes vital, which can be achieved by designing a hydraulic barrier layer. However, for the accurate design of such a barrier layer, proper estimation of transport parameters, namely the time rate of migration, dispersivity, and diffusion coefficient, is necessary. The available study solely relies on 1-D diffusion studies to assess such design parameters. In the real field scenario, it is not pure diffusion that dictates the transport of this heavy metal, but the advective–dispersive transport. The advective–dispersive rate needs to be accurately estimated for the design of a hydraulic barrier layer in order to prevent the groundwater and agricultural land from heavy metal contamination. Therefore, the current study, for the first time, evaluates the transport rate along with the dispersivity parameters, considering both advective and dispersive transport. The study reveals that, considering rainwater infiltration and the advective–dispersive model, heavy metals reach agricultural land and groundwater within a span of merely 2–3&#xa0;months. On the contrary, the earlier study suggested that the heavy metals would reach the same location after 40&#xa0;years. Moreover, the study also found that at a dispersivity of 0.1, the theoretical plots coincide with the field-measured concentration at the designated sampling depth, validating the estimated parameters.</p>

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Advective–Dispersive Transport of Heavy Metal from the Yamuna River to the Underlying Groundwater and Nearby Agricultural Areas: An Experimental and Theoretical Study

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月6日

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  • Manjeeta Priyadarshi,
  • Partha Das,
  • Athar Hussain

摘要

The current practice of heavy metal-laden waste disposal into the Yamuna River has led to rising speculation regarding the migration of the heavy metals from the river to the nearby geology, which includes the agricultural area and the groundwater. Therefore, attenuation of these heavy metals at the source becomes vital, which can be achieved by designing a hydraulic barrier layer. However, for the accurate design of such a barrier layer, proper estimation of transport parameters, namely the time rate of migration, dispersivity, and diffusion coefficient, is necessary. The available study solely relies on 1-D diffusion studies to assess such design parameters. In the real field scenario, it is not pure diffusion that dictates the transport of this heavy metal, but the advective–dispersive transport. The advective–dispersive rate needs to be accurately estimated for the design of a hydraulic barrier layer in order to prevent the groundwater and agricultural land from heavy metal contamination. Therefore, the current study, for the first time, evaluates the transport rate along with the dispersivity parameters, considering both advective and dispersive transport. The study reveals that, considering rainwater infiltration and the advective–dispersive model, heavy metals reach agricultural land and groundwater within a span of merely 2–3 months. On the contrary, the earlier study suggested that the heavy metals would reach the same location after 40 years. Moreover, the study also found that at a dispersivity of 0.1, the theoretical plots coincide with the field-measured concentration at the designated sampling depth, validating the estimated parameters.