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<p>This paper examines the hardfacing layer applied to tool steels using gas tungsten arc welding. The quality of the welding base, including the depth-to-width ratio, heat-affected zone (HAZ), and impact absorption energy, was analyzed. The results indicated that an increase in the welding current led to a reduction in the depth-to-width ratio of the deposited material. The HAZ is affected by two main factors: the welding speed and current and their interactions. These interactions affect the impact absorption energy. A desirability function was used to determine the optimal process variables for multiple response problems. The results indicate that the best optimal response was achieved using a substrate material of SCM440 steel for a welding speed of 100&#xa0;mm/min with a current of 180 A. The deposited zone exhibited a coarser dendrite structure for tool steel SKD61 and reduced the formation of the dendrite phase for SCM440, in which Si, V, Cr, Co, and W were present. No defects occurred at the interface between the deposited material and the HAZ for the tool steel SCM440. The HAZ displays a more homogeneous microstructure. A small Fe-rich carbide phase formed at the interface between the HAZ and the substrate SCM440 steel. These findings indicate that TIG welding could be used as an initial layer for hardfacing. Therefore, to reduce production costs, the use of SCM440 steel is more advantageous than the use of S50C as a substitute for SKD61.</p>

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An Investigation on TIG Hardfacing of Cobalt-Based Alloys on Tool Steels Using Desirability Function

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月24日

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  • Suppawat Chuvaree,
  • Niwat Mookam,
  • Kamonpong Jamkamon

摘要

This paper examines the hardfacing layer applied to tool steels using gas tungsten arc welding. The quality of the welding base, including the depth-to-width ratio, heat-affected zone (HAZ), and impact absorption energy, was analyzed. The results indicated that an increase in the welding current led to a reduction in the depth-to-width ratio of the deposited material. The HAZ is affected by two main factors: the welding speed and current and their interactions. These interactions affect the impact absorption energy. A desirability function was used to determine the optimal process variables for multiple response problems. The results indicate that the best optimal response was achieved using a substrate material of SCM440 steel for a welding speed of 100 mm/min with a current of 180 A. The deposited zone exhibited a coarser dendrite structure for tool steel SKD61 and reduced the formation of the dendrite phase for SCM440, in which Si, V, Cr, Co, and W were present. No defects occurred at the interface between the deposited material and the HAZ for the tool steel SCM440. The HAZ displays a more homogeneous microstructure. A small Fe-rich carbide phase formed at the interface between the HAZ and the substrate SCM440 steel. These findings indicate that TIG welding could be used as an initial layer for hardfacing. Therefore, to reduce production costs, the use of SCM440 steel is more advantageous than the use of S50C as a substitute for SKD61.