<p>The use of dynamic topological communication by wireless sensor networks (WSNs) renders them susceptible to a number of attacks. Wireless sensor network (WSN) development is a promising technology with low installation costs for a variety of applications. However, WSN nodes operate in hostile surroundings, leaving them open to a range of security risks. Obtaining secure data transfer while consuming the least amount of energy was one of the main objectives of this study. We suggest an Eigen trick-based Hypergraph Stable Clustering-based combination of Bacterial Foraging along with Krill Herd Optimization technique (EtHgSC-BFKHO). A new and effective Eigen trick-based hypergraph stable clustering method is used for clustering and selecting cluster heads (CH) with high residual energy. The best path was identified using the Bacterial Foraging Optimization Algorithm with the Krill Swarm Optimization Algorithm (BFKHO), and the fitness of each bacterium was assessed using features such as internode distance, energy, trust, and link stability. For safe data transfer, a globally optimal path was chosen using the BFKHO selection procedure. Finally, route maintenance processing is performed to determine a different path when a link failure occurs between nodes. Several performance parameters including energy consumption, packet transmission rate, packet loss rate, throughput, and delay were used in the experimental evaluations. The performance of the suggested method, EtHgSC-BFKHO, is enhanced by a 5% packet forwarding rate, a 29% throughput, a 2% packet loss rate, a 13% energy consumption, and a 12% delay when compared to conventional procedures.</p>