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<p>Lubricants containing dispersed nanoparticles (nano-oils) have emerged as promising candidates for enhancing the wear resistance of internal combustion engines. However, maintaining a stable nanoparticle dispersion remains a significant challenge. This study evaluates the stability and tribological performance of 10W40 engine oil containing 0.15&#xa0;wt.% copper nanoparticles. Various dispersion techniques were explored, with ultrasonic homogenization proving most effective in achieving stable dispersion. Stability was assessed through elemental analysis and zeta potential measurements, revealing 47% nanoparticle retention after two months. Elemental analysis further confirmed sustained dispersion stability even after 96&#xa0;days. The addition of copper nanoparticles had minimal impact on the oil’s viscosity and alkalinity, ensuring good compatibility with engine requirements. Tribological performance was assessed using pin-on-disk tests, showing significant reductions in both the coefficient of friction (COF) (approximately 30%) and weigh loss (approximately 25%), particularly under elevated temperatures and loads. Complementary four-ball wear tests further demonstrated a 10.5% reduction in COF at lower temperatures and loads, and a 16.7% reduction under more severe conditions, compared to the base oil. Surface analysis of the worn disks and balls revealed enhanced wear resistance due to nanoparticle deposition in surface grooves, resulting in smaller wear areas and improved lubrication performance.</p>

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Enhanced Tribological Performance of Engine Oil through Stabilized Copper Nanoparticles

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月13日

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  • Fazel Khosrowshiri,
  • Seyed Vahid Hosseini,
  • Nafiseh Mahdiyar,
  • Mostafa Hajian

摘要

Lubricants containing dispersed nanoparticles (nano-oils) have emerged as promising candidates for enhancing the wear resistance of internal combustion engines. However, maintaining a stable nanoparticle dispersion remains a significant challenge. This study evaluates the stability and tribological performance of 10W40 engine oil containing 0.15 wt.% copper nanoparticles. Various dispersion techniques were explored, with ultrasonic homogenization proving most effective in achieving stable dispersion. Stability was assessed through elemental analysis and zeta potential measurements, revealing 47% nanoparticle retention after two months. Elemental analysis further confirmed sustained dispersion stability even after 96 days. The addition of copper nanoparticles had minimal impact on the oil’s viscosity and alkalinity, ensuring good compatibility with engine requirements. Tribological performance was assessed using pin-on-disk tests, showing significant reductions in both the coefficient of friction (COF) (approximately 30%) and weigh loss (approximately 25%), particularly under elevated temperatures and loads. Complementary four-ball wear tests further demonstrated a 10.5% reduction in COF at lower temperatures and loads, and a 16.7% reduction under more severe conditions, compared to the base oil. Surface analysis of the worn disks and balls revealed enhanced wear resistance due to nanoparticle deposition in surface grooves, resulting in smaller wear areas and improved lubrication performance.