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<p>Surfactant flooding is a widely used technique in chemical enhanced oil recovery (EOR). However, its effectiveness can be limited under harsh reservoir conditions. Polyethoxylated surfactants are suitable options for high-salinity environments, but their performance can be constrained at elevated temperatures due to cloud point limitations. Increasing the degree of polyethoxylation (EO) enhances both cloud point temperature and salt tolerance; however, it also alters the surfactant’s hydrophilic–lipophilic balance, impacting interfacial activity. As an alternative, introducing an ionic group enhances hydrophilicity and increases cloud point temperature also influences interfacial activity and interactions with dissolved salts.</p><p>In this study, four polyethoxylated isononylphenols and their sulfate derivatives, with EO degrees of 6, 9, 12, and 25, were evaluated. Cloud point assessments, interfacial tension (IFT) measurements, contact angle tests, adsorption rate evaluations, and core flooding experiments were conducted to determine the optimal EO degree and effect of sulfate modification. The results identified polyethoxylated isononylphenols with 12 EO units as optimal for EOR under moderately harsh conditions (50&#xa0;°C, 20 wt% NaCl). The sulfate derivative of polyethoxylated (12) isononylphenol exhibited improved thermal stability, achieving 97.8% reduction in interfacial tension from 24.58 to 0.55 mN/m at 20 wt% NaCl. Contact angle measurements showed a reduction from 78.3° to 0° within 4 h, reflecting strong surfactant–surface interaction, while adsorption onto carbonate rock reached 0.682 mmol/g under the same conditions. Core flooding experiments demonstrated a 2.79% absolute increase in oil recovery (OOIP) and a 12.5% relative increase compared to water flooding using NPEO12 at a low 0.1% concentration.</p>

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Optimal Degree of Polyethoxylation of Isononylphenol for Enhanced Oil Recovery in High-Salinity Water Reservoir Conditions

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月12日

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  • Emil N. Badretdinov,
  • Emil R. Saifullin,
  • Omar Al-Janabi,
  • Aleksei O. Bykov,
  • Aleksei O. Malakhov,
  • Sergei A. Nazarychev,
  • Ulukbek Zh. Mirzakimov,
  • Sergey Y. Ivanov,
  • Roman S. Pavelyev,
  • Mikhail A. Varfolomeev

摘要

Surfactant flooding is a widely used technique in chemical enhanced oil recovery (EOR). However, its effectiveness can be limited under harsh reservoir conditions. Polyethoxylated surfactants are suitable options for high-salinity environments, but their performance can be constrained at elevated temperatures due to cloud point limitations. Increasing the degree of polyethoxylation (EO) enhances both cloud point temperature and salt tolerance; however, it also alters the surfactant’s hydrophilic–lipophilic balance, impacting interfacial activity. As an alternative, introducing an ionic group enhances hydrophilicity and increases cloud point temperature also influences interfacial activity and interactions with dissolved salts.

In this study, four polyethoxylated isononylphenols and their sulfate derivatives, with EO degrees of 6, 9, 12, and 25, were evaluated. Cloud point assessments, interfacial tension (IFT) measurements, contact angle tests, adsorption rate evaluations, and core flooding experiments were conducted to determine the optimal EO degree and effect of sulfate modification. The results identified polyethoxylated isononylphenols with 12 EO units as optimal for EOR under moderately harsh conditions (50 °C, 20 wt% NaCl). The sulfate derivative of polyethoxylated (12) isononylphenol exhibited improved thermal stability, achieving 97.8% reduction in interfacial tension from 24.58 to 0.55 mN/m at 20 wt% NaCl. Contact angle measurements showed a reduction from 78.3° to 0° within 4 h, reflecting strong surfactant–surface interaction, while adsorption onto carbonate rock reached 0.682 mmol/g under the same conditions. Core flooding experiments demonstrated a 2.79% absolute increase in oil recovery (OOIP) and a 12.5% relative increase compared to water flooding using NPEO12 at a low 0.1% concentration.