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<p>Ionic liquids (ILs) are tunable chemicals having outstanding characteristics that make them appealing for various industrial processes, such as oilfield operations. In the current study, three fluorocarbon (FILs)- and three hydrocarbon (HILs)-based protic ionic liquids (PILs) were synthesized and examined for their performance in oilfield procedures. The synthesis of FILs and HILs was performed by using carboxylic acid and ethanolamine. The synthesis of the PILs was confirmed by <sup>1</sup>HNMR, <sup>13</sup>CNMR, <sup>19</sup>FNMR, and FTIR analysis. The solubility experiment was conducted in deionized water, artificial seawater (ASW), and artificial formation water. A thermal gravimetric analyzer (TGA) was used to evaluate the thermal stability of the prepared PILs. Surface properties, including critical micelle concentration (CMC), surface tension at CMC (<i>γ</i><sub>CMC</sub>), maximum surface access (<i>Г</i><sub>max</sub>), and minimum area per molecule (<i>A</i><sub>min</sub>), were also investigated. The results showed that FILs exhibited better solubility in all types of water without any phase separation or precipitation, and TGA analysis revealed that FILs have a higher degradation temperature compared to HILs, regardless of the length of the carbon chain. Additionally, FILs demonstrated lower surface tension and higher efficiency at the interface, indicating their great potential for oilfield applications.</p>

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Synthesis and Comparative Evaluation of Fluorinated and Hydrocarbon Protic Ionic Liquids for Oilfield Applications

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月6日

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  • Masooma Nazar,
  • Mohammed Alotaibi,
  • Mohanad Fahmi,
  • Ahmad Mahboob,
  • Syed Muhammad Shakil Hussain,
  • Muhammad Shahzad Kamal

摘要

Ionic liquids (ILs) are tunable chemicals having outstanding characteristics that make them appealing for various industrial processes, such as oilfield operations. In the current study, three fluorocarbon (FILs)- and three hydrocarbon (HILs)-based protic ionic liquids (PILs) were synthesized and examined for their performance in oilfield procedures. The synthesis of FILs and HILs was performed by using carboxylic acid and ethanolamine. The synthesis of the PILs was confirmed by 1HNMR, 13CNMR, 19FNMR, and FTIR analysis. The solubility experiment was conducted in deionized water, artificial seawater (ASW), and artificial formation water. A thermal gravimetric analyzer (TGA) was used to evaluate the thermal stability of the prepared PILs. Surface properties, including critical micelle concentration (CMC), surface tension at CMC (γCMC), maximum surface access (Гmax), and minimum area per molecule (Amin), were also investigated. The results showed that FILs exhibited better solubility in all types of water without any phase separation or precipitation, and TGA analysis revealed that FILs have a higher degradation temperature compared to HILs, regardless of the length of the carbon chain. Additionally, FILs demonstrated lower surface tension and higher efficiency at the interface, indicating their great potential for oilfield applications.