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<p>Superhydrophobic surfaces, characterized by water contact angles exceeding 150°, are of immense interest due to their potential in self-cleaning, anti-corrosion, and waterproof applications. In this study, we synthesized various nanostructured metal oxides including ZnO, Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, ZnFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>, and core–shell structures (ZnO@Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@ZnO) using walnut shell as a green, low-cost precursor via thermal decomposition. These nanomaterials were incorporated into silicone sealant (SS) matrices, individually and in combination with white micro-silica (WMS) and its calcined form (CWMS), to fabricate hydrophobic coatings. Comprehensive characterization using SEM, XRD, and EDX confirmed successful formation and morphological uniformity of the nanostructures. Contact angle measurements demonstrated that while ZnO and Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> individually produced nearly superhydrophobic surfaces, synergistic combinations—especially ZnO + WMS and ZnO@Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> + CWMS—yielded contact angles exceeding 154°, indicating exceptional water repellency. The presence of WMS and CWMS notably enhanced surface roughness and reduced surface energy, with calcined WMS showing better compatibility in several cases. These findings reveal that optimized multi-component nanocomposites significantly outperform individual systems in achieving superhydrophobicity. The eco-friendly synthesis approach and tunable surface characteristics make this strategy highly promising for scalable and sustainable hydrophobic surface applications.</p>

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Synergic Effects of ZnO, Fe2O3, and White Micro-Silica on Superhydrophobic Coatings

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月26日

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  • Hadis Khalili,
  • Asghar Zamani,
  • Zahra Mardani

摘要

Superhydrophobic surfaces, characterized by water contact angles exceeding 150°, are of immense interest due to their potential in self-cleaning, anti-corrosion, and waterproof applications. In this study, we synthesized various nanostructured metal oxides including ZnO, Fe2O3, ZnFe2O4, and core–shell structures (ZnO@Fe2O3, Fe3O4@ZnO) using walnut shell as a green, low-cost precursor via thermal decomposition. These nanomaterials were incorporated into silicone sealant (SS) matrices, individually and in combination with white micro-silica (WMS) and its calcined form (CWMS), to fabricate hydrophobic coatings. Comprehensive characterization using SEM, XRD, and EDX confirmed successful formation and morphological uniformity of the nanostructures. Contact angle measurements demonstrated that while ZnO and Fe2O3 individually produced nearly superhydrophobic surfaces, synergistic combinations—especially ZnO + WMS and ZnO@Fe2O3 + CWMS—yielded contact angles exceeding 154°, indicating exceptional water repellency. The presence of WMS and CWMS notably enhanced surface roughness and reduced surface energy, with calcined WMS showing better compatibility in several cases. These findings reveal that optimized multi-component nanocomposites significantly outperform individual systems in achieving superhydrophobicity. The eco-friendly synthesis approach and tunable surface characteristics make this strategy highly promising for scalable and sustainable hydrophobic surface applications.