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<p>The proposed antenna design addresses the limitations of existing frequency-reconfigurable and MIMO antennas, which often suffer from poor isolation, limited frequency coverage, and sub&#xa0;optimal diversity performance. To address these limitations, this work proposes a novel antenna design featuring orthogonally placed elements, significantly improving isolation and making it suitable for a wide range of applications. Initially developed as a single-element frequency-reconfigurable antenna, it was later extended into a two-port multiple input and multiple output configuration to enhance data throughput and reduce network errors. The antenna operates at 6.5575&#xa0;GHz within a frequency range of 4.98–7.71&#xa0;GHz when both diodes are in the ON state, achieving a peak realized gain of 4.76&#xa0;dBi. In the OFF state, it functions in a tri-band series with resonances at 3.2725&#xa0;GHz (2.98–5.60&#xa0;GHz), 6.3550&#xa0;GHz (5.91–6.98&#xa0;GHz), and 8.020&#xa0;GHz (7.47–9.24&#xa0;GHz), achieving reflection coefficients below − 10&#xa0;dB and peak realized gains of 6.70&#xa0;dBi, 5.34&#xa0;dBi, and 5.2&#xa0;dBi, respectively. Compared to adjacent element placement, the orthogonal arrangement enhances isolation from − 17.512 to − 25.466&#xa0;dB in the ON state, and in the OFF state, from − 8.776 to − 23.9776&#xa0;dB for the first band, from − 19.290 to − 21.217&#xa0;dB for the second band, and from − 18.518 to − 22.316&#xa0;dB for the third band. Additionally, the design improves diversity characteristics, including channel capacity loss, diversity gain, mean effective gain, envelope correlation coefficient, and total active reflection coefficient. The proposed antenna effectively addresses the challenges faced by conventional designs, making it well-suited for 5G NR bands of n48, n77, n78, n79, n96, n102, n104, 5G sub-6&#xa0;GHz, and X-band applications.</p>

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Self-Isolated Multiband MIMO Antenna with Frequency Reconfigurability for NR Bands (n48–n104), Sub-6 GHz and X-Band Applications

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月7日

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  • Suresh Angadi,
  • V. Narasimha Nayak,
  • Ali Baig Mohammad,
  • Mohd. Abdul Muqeet,
  • V. Subba Reddy

摘要

The proposed antenna design addresses the limitations of existing frequency-reconfigurable and MIMO antennas, which often suffer from poor isolation, limited frequency coverage, and sub optimal diversity performance. To address these limitations, this work proposes a novel antenna design featuring orthogonally placed elements, significantly improving isolation and making it suitable for a wide range of applications. Initially developed as a single-element frequency-reconfigurable antenna, it was later extended into a two-port multiple input and multiple output configuration to enhance data throughput and reduce network errors. The antenna operates at 6.5575 GHz within a frequency range of 4.98–7.71 GHz when both diodes are in the ON state, achieving a peak realized gain of 4.76 dBi. In the OFF state, it functions in a tri-band series with resonances at 3.2725 GHz (2.98–5.60 GHz), 6.3550 GHz (5.91–6.98 GHz), and 8.020 GHz (7.47–9.24 GHz), achieving reflection coefficients below − 10 dB and peak realized gains of 6.70 dBi, 5.34 dBi, and 5.2 dBi, respectively. Compared to adjacent element placement, the orthogonal arrangement enhances isolation from − 17.512 to − 25.466 dB in the ON state, and in the OFF state, from − 8.776 to − 23.9776 dB for the first band, from − 19.290 to − 21.217 dB for the second band, and from − 18.518 to − 22.316 dB for the third band. Additionally, the design improves diversity characteristics, including channel capacity loss, diversity gain, mean effective gain, envelope correlation coefficient, and total active reflection coefficient. The proposed antenna effectively addresses the challenges faced by conventional designs, making it well-suited for 5G NR bands of n48, n77, n78, n79, n96, n102, n104, 5G sub-6 GHz, and X-band applications.