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<p>Anti-water dispersion ability is critical for excess-sulfate phosphogypsum slag cement grouting (EPSCG) applicable for gypsum-karst stratum reinforcement. Conventional EPSCG and ordinary grouting material exhibit inadequate stability in water-rich karst formations. The presence of water in karst strata causes grout dispersion, impairing the setting and hardening processes. This paper introduces 0–4% calcium sulfoaluminate cement (CSAC) to EPSCG aiming at modifying its paste workability, stability, and mechanical properties. Results show that the optimal CSAC amount is 2%, when EPSCG achieves the best overall performance, i.e., fluidity is 242&#xa0;mm, 28-day compressive strength increases from 21.8&#xa0;MPa (without modification) to 33.0&#xa0;MPa, 28-day water-to-ground strength ratio (Strength ratio in two forming conditions) remains 0.84, initial setting time is reduced by 32.11% from 95 to 64.5&#xa0;h, and almost no bleeding comparing with 0.8% of EPSCG without CSAC. CSAC promotes the early hydration process and the yield of hydration products (ettringite and C–S–H gels). These hydration products are synergistically bridge with the elongated polymeric chains from HPMC, culminating in an intricate and stabilized flocculated architecture that significantly enhances underwater stability without sacrificing working performance. The modified EPSCG satisfies properties requirements by complex engineering conditions and is suitable for application in water-rich environments like underground karst caves.</p>

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Enhancing Underwater Stability and Mechanical Properties of Excess-Sulfate Phosphogypsum Slag Cement Grouting Materials Using Calcium Sulfoaluminate Cement

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月21日

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  • Tao Sun,
  • Tingxuan Qin,
  • Gaoshang Ouyang,
  • Ziyan Wang,
  • Zhenlin Mo,
  • Yue Liu,
  • Xiang Yi

摘要

Anti-water dispersion ability is critical for excess-sulfate phosphogypsum slag cement grouting (EPSCG) applicable for gypsum-karst stratum reinforcement. Conventional EPSCG and ordinary grouting material exhibit inadequate stability in water-rich karst formations. The presence of water in karst strata causes grout dispersion, impairing the setting and hardening processes. This paper introduces 0–4% calcium sulfoaluminate cement (CSAC) to EPSCG aiming at modifying its paste workability, stability, and mechanical properties. Results show that the optimal CSAC amount is 2%, when EPSCG achieves the best overall performance, i.e., fluidity is 242 mm, 28-day compressive strength increases from 21.8 MPa (without modification) to 33.0 MPa, 28-day water-to-ground strength ratio (Strength ratio in two forming conditions) remains 0.84, initial setting time is reduced by 32.11% from 95 to 64.5 h, and almost no bleeding comparing with 0.8% of EPSCG without CSAC. CSAC promotes the early hydration process and the yield of hydration products (ettringite and C–S–H gels). These hydration products are synergistically bridge with the elongated polymeric chains from HPMC, culminating in an intricate and stabilized flocculated architecture that significantly enhances underwater stability without sacrificing working performance. The modified EPSCG satisfies properties requirements by complex engineering conditions and is suitable for application in water-rich environments like underground karst caves.