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<p>In India, various copper smelting facilities and refinery sectors produce nearly 22.17 million metric tonnes of waste copper slag every year. Copper slag (CS) can be used as fine aggregate in M30-grade&#xa0;concrete, completely or partially replacement of natural fine aggregate. An experimental study was carried out on concrete added with CS, considering characteristic compressive strength, indirect tensile strength, ultrasonic pulse velocity, water absorption, and durability tests. The test result showed that the addition of 50% copper slag as a substitute for natural aggregate gives better compressive strength and indirect tensile strength than the control mix. The concrete strength decreases beyond 50% replacement of natural aggregate with CS. Moreover, we found that replacing 100% natural sand with copper slag reduced strength but provided better compressive strength than the control mix. In the durability test, such acid and sulphate attacks result in a lower strength. In both acid and sulphate attacks, the weight loss of the specimens is significantly lower when compared with the control mix. A cradle-to-gate life-cycle assessment was conducted to evaluate the environmental impact of replacing fine aggregate (FA) with copper slag (CS) in concrete. A 50% replacement of FA with CS optimised the strength while reducing CO₂ emissions, terrestrial acidification, photochemical oxidant formation, and particulate matter formation. Additionally, the cost decreased by 15.77% for 50% replacement of CS, while a full replacement led to a 31.547% cost reduction compared to conventional concrete.</p>

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An Experimental Assessment on the Performance of Copper Slag as a Fine Aggregate in Concrete

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月22日

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  • Parsuram Nayak,
  • Rohit Ranjan,
  • Sachin Kumar Dhala,
  • Subhajit Mondal

摘要

In India, various copper smelting facilities and refinery sectors produce nearly 22.17 million metric tonnes of waste copper slag every year. Copper slag (CS) can be used as fine aggregate in M30-grade concrete, completely or partially replacement of natural fine aggregate. An experimental study was carried out on concrete added with CS, considering characteristic compressive strength, indirect tensile strength, ultrasonic pulse velocity, water absorption, and durability tests. The test result showed that the addition of 50% copper slag as a substitute for natural aggregate gives better compressive strength and indirect tensile strength than the control mix. The concrete strength decreases beyond 50% replacement of natural aggregate with CS. Moreover, we found that replacing 100% natural sand with copper slag reduced strength but provided better compressive strength than the control mix. In the durability test, such acid and sulphate attacks result in a lower strength. In both acid and sulphate attacks, the weight loss of the specimens is significantly lower when compared with the control mix. A cradle-to-gate life-cycle assessment was conducted to evaluate the environmental impact of replacing fine aggregate (FA) with copper slag (CS) in concrete. A 50% replacement of FA with CS optimised the strength while reducing CO₂ emissions, terrestrial acidification, photochemical oxidant formation, and particulate matter formation. Additionally, the cost decreased by 15.77% for 50% replacement of CS, while a full replacement led to a 31.547% cost reduction compared to conventional concrete.