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<p>Efficient utilization of renewable energy is critical to reducing dependency on fossil fuels and preserving ecosystems. Solar photovoltaic (PV) panels are a commercially viable solution for direct solar-to-electric energy conversion, but their performance declines due to increased surface temperature and varying irradiance angles throughout the day. This study aims to enhance PV panel performance over the entire day by incorporating dual-axis tracking (DAT) and a dropwise evaporative cooling system (CS). The performance of the static state panel (SSP) is used as a baseline for comparison. Experimental results show a substantial power gain with DAT and a further significant increase when DAT is combined with CS. Notable improvements in power and efficiency are observed during morning (9:00–11:00&#xa0;h) and afternoon (14:00–17:00&#xa0;h) periods. Average power gains for DAT are 27.44%, 20.67%, and 45.97%, with efficiency enhancements of 30.92%, 22.07%, and 40.93% during 9:00–11:00&#xa0;h, 11:00–14:00&#xa0;h, and 14:00–17:00&#xa0;h, respectively, compared to SSP. For DAT + CS, power gains of 34.36%, 38.27%, and 70.54% and efficiency improvements of 42.76%, 39.04%, and 55.78% are observed for the same periods. The maximum efficiency gain of 26.39% is achieved at 17:00&#xa0;h for DAT + CS relative to SSP. The study demonstrates that dual-axis tracking combined with dropwise evaporative cooling significantly enhances PV panel performance throughout the day.</p>

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Effects of Dual Axis Tracking and Dropwise Evaporative Cooling Systems on the Performance of a Small Commercial PV Panel

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年3月1日

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  • Shivji Kumar,
  • Suraj Kumar,
  • Wittison Kamei,
  • Achinta Sarkar

摘要

Efficient utilization of renewable energy is critical to reducing dependency on fossil fuels and preserving ecosystems. Solar photovoltaic (PV) panels are a commercially viable solution for direct solar-to-electric energy conversion, but their performance declines due to increased surface temperature and varying irradiance angles throughout the day. This study aims to enhance PV panel performance over the entire day by incorporating dual-axis tracking (DAT) and a dropwise evaporative cooling system (CS). The performance of the static state panel (SSP) is used as a baseline for comparison. Experimental results show a substantial power gain with DAT and a further significant increase when DAT is combined with CS. Notable improvements in power and efficiency are observed during morning (9:00–11:00 h) and afternoon (14:00–17:00 h) periods. Average power gains for DAT are 27.44%, 20.67%, and 45.97%, with efficiency enhancements of 30.92%, 22.07%, and 40.93% during 9:00–11:00 h, 11:00–14:00 h, and 14:00–17:00 h, respectively, compared to SSP. For DAT + CS, power gains of 34.36%, 38.27%, and 70.54% and efficiency improvements of 42.76%, 39.04%, and 55.78% are observed for the same periods. The maximum efficiency gain of 26.39% is achieved at 17:00 h for DAT + CS relative to SSP. The study demonstrates that dual-axis tracking combined with dropwise evaporative cooling significantly enhances PV panel performance throughout the day.