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<p>An entirely novel and innovative hyper-cross-linked polymer of 2,2-bipyridyl is synthesized through Friedel–Crafts reaction for efficient removal of methylene blue, arsenic and di-ammonium phosphate from wastewater. The synthesized 2,2-bipyridyl-HCP shows maximum adsorption capability of 94%, 91% and 86% for methylene blue, arsenic and di-ammonium phosphate, respectively. The maximum adsorption value is acquired with adsorbent dose of 0.7&#xa0;g, 0.9&#xa0;g and 1.1&#xa0;g at optimum pH values of 4, 6 and 7 and contact time of 12, 15 and 22&#xa0;min for methylene blue, arsenic and di-ammonium phosphate, respectively. Electrostatic attraction, <i>π</i>-<i>π</i> stacking interactions, pore filling mechanism, ion exchange mechanism and hydrogen bonding enable the 2,2-bipyridyl-HCP to effectively showcasing its potential as versatile adsorbent. The findings indicated that the value of point of zero charge is at pH 2.7. The study compared Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin isotherms and found that the Freundlich model had the best match for arsenic with <i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.921 and Langmuir model for methylene blue with <i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.9685 and di-ammonium phosphate with <i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.975. Investigation into adsorption kinetics demonstrates that it corresponds to a pseudo-second-order kinetic model with 0.96, 0.98 and 0.99 <i>R</i><sup>2</sup> for methylene blue, arsenic and di-ammonium phosphate, respectively. The thermodynamics outcomes verified that process is exothermic and non-spontaneous. The synthesized HCP has distinctive characteristic of regeneration capability and has ability to be recycled. The novelty of this work lies in the synthesis of a 2,2-bipyridyl-HCP which has not been previously explored for wastewater remediation, and this study introduces a single adsorbent capable of efficiently sequestering multiple contaminants as methylene blue, arsenic and di-ammonium phosphate demonstrating its versatility and uniqueness compared to other conventional adsorbents.</p>

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Facile and Ecofriendly Synthesis of 2,2-Bipyridyl-Based Hyper-Cross-Linked Polymer for Sequestration of Methylene Blue, Arsenic and Di-ammonium Phosphate

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年3月11日

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  • Tehreem Fatima,
  • Faizaan ur Rehman,
  • Amna Hanif,
  • Isham Areej,
  • Saqlain Raza,
  • Amin Abid,
  • Bien Tan

摘要

An entirely novel and innovative hyper-cross-linked polymer of 2,2-bipyridyl is synthesized through Friedel–Crafts reaction for efficient removal of methylene blue, arsenic and di-ammonium phosphate from wastewater. The synthesized 2,2-bipyridyl-HCP shows maximum adsorption capability of 94%, 91% and 86% for methylene blue, arsenic and di-ammonium phosphate, respectively. The maximum adsorption value is acquired with adsorbent dose of 0.7 g, 0.9 g and 1.1 g at optimum pH values of 4, 6 and 7 and contact time of 12, 15 and 22 min for methylene blue, arsenic and di-ammonium phosphate, respectively. Electrostatic attraction, π-π stacking interactions, pore filling mechanism, ion exchange mechanism and hydrogen bonding enable the 2,2-bipyridyl-HCP to effectively showcasing its potential as versatile adsorbent. The findings indicated that the value of point of zero charge is at pH 2.7. The study compared Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin isotherms and found that the Freundlich model had the best match for arsenic with R2 = 0.921 and Langmuir model for methylene blue with R2 = 0.9685 and di-ammonium phosphate with R2 = 0.975. Investigation into adsorption kinetics demonstrates that it corresponds to a pseudo-second-order kinetic model with 0.96, 0.98 and 0.99 R2 for methylene blue, arsenic and di-ammonium phosphate, respectively. The thermodynamics outcomes verified that process is exothermic and non-spontaneous. The synthesized HCP has distinctive characteristic of regeneration capability and has ability to be recycled. The novelty of this work lies in the synthesis of a 2,2-bipyridyl-HCP which has not been previously explored for wastewater remediation, and this study introduces a single adsorbent capable of efficiently sequestering multiple contaminants as methylene blue, arsenic and di-ammonium phosphate demonstrating its versatility and uniqueness compared to other conventional adsorbents.