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<p>Low salinity water alternating immiscible CO<sub>2</sub> gas (Immiscible CO<sub>2</sub>-LSWAG) injection is widely used in the enhanced oil recovery (EOR) method to increase and accelerate oil production by combining the mechanisms of low salinity waterflood and CO<sub>2</sub> flooding. The injection mechanisms improve sweep efficiency by modifying macroscopic and microscopic displacement properties, resulting in more oil production. Up to the present time, dimensionless number (DN) has been utilized to predict the oil recovery factor (RF) and to analyze its physical implications. However, the use of a single DN was insufficient to provide a satisfactory correlation to the oil RF. Therefore, this study proposed a new combined dimensionless number (N<sub>CO</sub>). This study employs 92 experimental designs to examine oil recovery factor (RF) performance using immiscible CO<sub>2</sub>-LSWAG, immiscible CO<sub>2</sub>-WAG, immiscible CO<sub>2</sub> flooding, and low salinity waterflood (LSWF) through numerical reservoir simulation. Four dimensionless numbers (DNs)—bond (NB*), capillary (NC*), gravity (NG*), and mobility ratio (MWAG)—are applied to analyze oil RF within LSWF, immiscible CO<sub>2</sub>-WAG, and immiscible CO<sub>2</sub>-LSWAG injections, considering diverse conditions and reservoir types. Immiscible CO<sub>2</sub>-LSWAG yields the highest oil RF, followed by immiscible CO<sub>2</sub>-WAG, LSWF, and immiscible CO<sub>2</sub> injection. The proposed N<sub>CO</sub> demonstrates good correlations with oil RF across varying wettability and heterogeneity, with MWAG as the most influential parameter. This study offers insights into physical effect phenomena on oil RF and immiscible CO<sub>2</sub>-LSWAG field trial planning in sandstone reservoirs.</p>

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A Combined Dimensionless Number in Low Salinity Waterflood Alternating Gas Immiscible CO2 Injection to Predict Oil Recovery Factor in Sandstone Reservoir

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年1月10日

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  • Muhammad Ridho Efras,
  • Iskandar B. Dzulkarnain,
  • Syahrir Ridha,
  • Mohammad Galang Merdeka,
  • Muhammad Hammad Rasool,
  • Lee Jang Hyun,
  • Sunil Kwon

摘要

Low salinity water alternating immiscible CO2 gas (Immiscible CO2-LSWAG) injection is widely used in the enhanced oil recovery (EOR) method to increase and accelerate oil production by combining the mechanisms of low salinity waterflood and CO2 flooding. The injection mechanisms improve sweep efficiency by modifying macroscopic and microscopic displacement properties, resulting in more oil production. Up to the present time, dimensionless number (DN) has been utilized to predict the oil recovery factor (RF) and to analyze its physical implications. However, the use of a single DN was insufficient to provide a satisfactory correlation to the oil RF. Therefore, this study proposed a new combined dimensionless number (NCO). This study employs 92 experimental designs to examine oil recovery factor (RF) performance using immiscible CO2-LSWAG, immiscible CO2-WAG, immiscible CO2 flooding, and low salinity waterflood (LSWF) through numerical reservoir simulation. Four dimensionless numbers (DNs)—bond (NB*), capillary (NC*), gravity (NG*), and mobility ratio (MWAG)—are applied to analyze oil RF within LSWF, immiscible CO2-WAG, and immiscible CO2-LSWAG injections, considering diverse conditions and reservoir types. Immiscible CO2-LSWAG yields the highest oil RF, followed by immiscible CO2-WAG, LSWF, and immiscible CO2 injection. The proposed NCO demonstrates good correlations with oil RF across varying wettability and heterogeneity, with MWAG as the most influential parameter. This study offers insights into physical effect phenomena on oil RF and immiscible CO2-LSWAG field trial planning in sandstone reservoirs.