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<p>This study fabricates SiO<sub>2</sub>/Si<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>/MWCNT shear-thickening fluids (STFs) based on nanoparticles silicon dioxide (SiO<sub>2</sub>), silicon nitride (Si<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>), and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT). The research investigates the effects of MWCNT mass fraction, ambient temperature, and gap distance on the shear thickening (ST) performance through rheological experiments. Scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction confirm the presence of MWCNT and Si<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> nanoparticles within the multiphase STF (MSTF), as well as their interactions with SiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles. Steady shear rheology tests reveal significant rheological behavior and a pronounced ST effect in SiO<sub>2</sub>/Si<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>/MWCNT-STF with varying mass ratios. The optimal mass ratio of SiO<sub>2</sub>, Si<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>, and MWCNT is found to be 20:2.5:0.8, at which point the ST performance of the MSTF is maximized. The peak viscosity increases from 65.83&#xa0;Pa s (20:2.5:0.2) to 516.2&#xa0;Pa s (20:2.5:0.8), while the critical shear rate decreases from 63.1&#xa0;s<sup>−1</sup> to 6.31&#xa0;s<sup>−1</sup>. Dynamic rheology tests demonstrate that the 20%SiO<sub>2</sub>/2.5%Si<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>/0.8%MWCNT-STF exhibit not only significant energy storage and dissipation capabilities but also enhanced rate sensitivity in energy storage and dissipation compared to silicon-based STF (SiO<sub>2</sub>-STF) under lower rate excitations. Temperature sensitivity studies indicate that MSTF maintain excellent ST characteristics even in high-temperature environments. In comparison to SiO<sub>2</sub>-STF, the variation in peak viscosity and critical shear rate of MSTF with increasing temperature is significantly reduced, demonstrating superior temperature stability and offering potential for engineering applications in higher temperature environments.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Rheological properties of silica-based shear thickening fluids reinforced with silicon nitride and carbon nanotubes

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月4日

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  • Yalin Zheng,
  • Minghai Wei,
  • Guangpeng Zhang,
  • Aoping You

摘要

This study fabricates SiO2/Si3N4/MWCNT shear-thickening fluids (STFs) based on nanoparticles silicon dioxide (SiO2), silicon nitride (Si3N4), and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT). The research investigates the effects of MWCNT mass fraction, ambient temperature, and gap distance on the shear thickening (ST) performance through rheological experiments. Scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction confirm the presence of MWCNT and Si3N4 nanoparticles within the multiphase STF (MSTF), as well as their interactions with SiO2 nanoparticles. Steady shear rheology tests reveal significant rheological behavior and a pronounced ST effect in SiO2/Si3N4/MWCNT-STF with varying mass ratios. The optimal mass ratio of SiO2, Si3N4, and MWCNT is found to be 20:2.5:0.8, at which point the ST performance of the MSTF is maximized. The peak viscosity increases from 65.83 Pa s (20:2.5:0.2) to 516.2 Pa s (20:2.5:0.8), while the critical shear rate decreases from 63.1 s−1 to 6.31 s−1. Dynamic rheology tests demonstrate that the 20%SiO2/2.5%Si3N4/0.8%MWCNT-STF exhibit not only significant energy storage and dissipation capabilities but also enhanced rate sensitivity in energy storage and dissipation compared to silicon-based STF (SiO2-STF) under lower rate excitations. Temperature sensitivity studies indicate that MSTF maintain excellent ST characteristics even in high-temperature environments. In comparison to SiO2-STF, the variation in peak viscosity and critical shear rate of MSTF with increasing temperature is significantly reduced, demonstrating superior temperature stability and offering potential for engineering applications in higher temperature environments.

Graphical abstract