<p>Let <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({\mathcal {F}} \, = \, (\dots {\mathop {\rightarrow }\limits ^{\partial _{n+1}}} {\mathcal {F}}_n {\mathop {\rightarrow }\limits ^{\partial _n}} {\mathcal {F}}_{n-1}{\mathop {\rightarrow }\limits ^{\partial _{n-1}}} \dots \dots {\mathop {\rightarrow }\limits ^{\partial _1}} {\mathcal {F}}_0 \rightarrow {\mathfrak {R}} \rightarrow 0)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="script">F</mi> <mspace width="0.166667em" /> <mo>=</mo> <mspace width="0.166667em" /> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mo>⋯</mo> <mover> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <msub> <mi>∂</mi> <mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mover> <msub> <mi mathvariant="script">F</mi> <mi>n</mi> </msub> <mover> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <msub> <mi>∂</mi> <mi>n</mi> </msub> </mover> <msub> <mi mathvariant="script">F</mi> <mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mover> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <msub> <mi>∂</mi> <mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mover> <mo>⋯</mo> <mo>⋯</mo> <mover> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <msub> <mi>∂</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> </mover> <msub> <mi mathvariant="script">F</mi> <mn>0</mn> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <mi mathvariant="fraktur">R</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> be a free resolution over the group ring <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({\mathfrak {R}}[\Phi ]\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="fraktur">R</mi> <mo stretchy="false">[</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Φ</mi> <mo stretchy="false">]</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> where <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({\mathfrak {R}}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi mathvariant="fraktur">R</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is commutative and <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\Phi \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi mathvariant="normal">Φ</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is finite. The <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(n^{th}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msup> <mi>n</mi> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="italic">th</mi> </mrow> </msup> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> syzygy <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\Omega _n^{{\mathfrak {R}}[\Phi ]}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msubsup> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mi>n</mi> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="fraktur">R</mi> <mo stretchy="false">[</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Φ</mi> <mo stretchy="false">]</mo> </mrow> </msubsup> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is the stable class of <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\textrm{Im}(\partial _n)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mtext>Im</mtext> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msub> <mi>∂</mi> <mi>n</mi> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and has a tree structure with roots which do not extend infinitely downwards. We show that <InlineEquation ID="IEq8"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\Omega _3^{{\mathfrak {R}}[Q_{8p}]}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msubsup> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mn>3</mn> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="fraktur">R</mi> <mo stretchy="false">[</mo> <msub> <mi>Q</mi> <mrow> <mn>8</mn> <mi>p</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">]</mo> </mrow> </msubsup> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> has infinitely many isomorphically distinct modules at the minimal level when <InlineEquation ID="IEq9"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\,{\mathfrak {R}} = {\mathbb {Z}}[C_\infty ]\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mspace width="0.166667em" /> <mi mathvariant="fraktur">R</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">Z</mi> <mo stretchy="false">[</mo> <msub> <mi>C</mi> <mi>∞</mi> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">]</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is the integral group ring of the infinite cyclic group and <InlineEquation ID="IEq10"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(Q_{8p}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi>Q</mi> <mrow> <mn>8</mn> <mi>p</mi> </mrow> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is the quaternion group of order 8<i>p</i> where <InlineEquation ID="IEq11"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(p \ge 3\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>p</mi> <mo>≥</mo> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is prime. This poses severe difficulties in attempting to solve the <i>D</i>(2) problem of CTC Wall for the groups <InlineEquation ID="IEq12"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(C_\infty \times Q_{8p}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>C</mi> <mi>∞</mi> </msub> <mo>×</mo> <msub> <mi>Q</mi> <mrow> <mn>8</mn> <mi>p</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation></p>

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Infinite splitting in the syzygies of quaternionic groups

  • F. E. A. Johnson

摘要

Let \({\mathcal {F}} \, = \, (\dots {\mathop {\rightarrow }\limits ^{\partial _{n+1}}} {\mathcal {F}}_n {\mathop {\rightarrow }\limits ^{\partial _n}} {\mathcal {F}}_{n-1}{\mathop {\rightarrow }\limits ^{\partial _{n-1}}} \dots \dots {\mathop {\rightarrow }\limits ^{\partial _1}} {\mathcal {F}}_0 \rightarrow {\mathfrak {R}} \rightarrow 0)\) F = ( n + 1 F n n F n - 1 n - 1 1 F 0 R 0 ) be a free resolution over the group ring \({\mathfrak {R}}[\Phi ]\) R [ Φ ] where \({\mathfrak {R}}\) R is commutative and \(\Phi \) Φ is finite. The \(n^{th}\) n th syzygy \(\Omega _n^{{\mathfrak {R}}[\Phi ]}\) Ω n R [ Φ ] is the stable class of \(\textrm{Im}(\partial _n)\) Im ( n ) and has a tree structure with roots which do not extend infinitely downwards. We show that \(\Omega _3^{{\mathfrak {R}}[Q_{8p}]}\) Ω 3 R [ Q 8 p ] has infinitely many isomorphically distinct modules at the minimal level when \(\,{\mathfrak {R}} = {\mathbb {Z}}[C_\infty ]\) R = Z [ C ] is the integral group ring of the infinite cyclic group and \(Q_{8p}\) Q 8 p is the quaternion group of order 8p where \(p \ge 3\) p 3 is prime. This poses severe difficulties in attempting to solve the D(2) problem of CTC Wall for the groups \(C_\infty \times Q_{8p}\) C × Q 8 p