<p>Natural landscapes are under constant transformation due to human activities, which force carnivores to adjust their behavior to increasing contact with humans and domestic animals. The spatial distribution and activity of a predator are generally correlated with those of their principal prey species. However, these activities may also be counterbalanced by the need to avoid potentially agonistic encounters with larger predators, both native and exotic. We used occupancy models and temporal overlap coefficients to evaluate whether the use of habitat and activity patterns of the ocelot in a semiarid domain of northeastern Brazil are influenced by the distance from human settlements, the occurrence of prey species, top predators (puma and jaguar), and domestic dogs. The occurrence of Spix’s cavy was the only covariate that influenced ocelot occupancy, with a positive correlation. The detection probability of the ocelot was influenced positively by the occurrence of the rock cavy, and there was a high level of temporal overlap between these two species. The top predators did not influence the spatiotemporal distribution of the ocelot, which indicates that their niches are differentiated by dietary parameters related to their differences in body size. No evidence was found of spatial interactions between ocelots and free-ranging dogs, and there was only a moderate temporal overlap. Our findings have contributed to expanding knowledge of the spatial and temporal ecology of the ocelot, a Neotropical mesopredator, in a still poorly explored environment from a scientific perspective, such as the Brazilian Caatinga.</p>