A changing climate might be advantageous for bats hibernating in non-cavernicolous hibernacula
摘要
Like all organisms, insectivorous bats must balance energy during periods of unpredictable food availability. Hibernation is an important energy balancing mechanism for temperate-zone bats, but survival of those species during hibernation is limited by winter length. This in turn limits the polar extent of geographic ranges during winter. As warmer conditions extend deeper into autumn and spring, the period of hibernation decreases, potentially allowing for northward shifts. Recently, the bat community in the northeastern United States has changed as cavernicolous species heavily affected by White-nose Syndrome (WNS) decrease and non-cavernicolous species increase in relative abundance. While not as strongly affected by WNS, bats that hibernate outside caves and mines are likely to experience more acute impacts of a changing climate. We modeled the period when food (i.e., flying insects) is likely unpredictable for insectivorous bats in the region where WNS has had the most severe population impacts. Unsurprisingly, the period of unpredictable food availability has decreased by 10 to 21 days since 1900 throughout the region. This is likely advantageous to hibernating bats, especially those that hibernate in roosts like trees, buildings, or rock structures. While the changing bat community in the northeastern United States is largely driven by WNS, a northward shift of non-cavernicolous bats should not be discounted.