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<p>Population cycles have received considerable attention due to their interesting spatiotemporal behavior, which involves regular increases and decreases in population density and often synchronous fluctuations between disjunct populations. The mulberry tiger moth, <i>Lemyra imparilis</i> (Butler) (Lepidoptera: Erebidae), is a univoltine moth that is widespread in Japan. The larvae are recognized as a pest that affect a number of important crops. Population changes of <i>L. imparilis</i> were monitored for a maximum of 36&#xa0;years by annual counting colonial nests at 16 survey sites in the central Kansai region, western Japan. Population fluctuations were highly variable, showing repeated increases and decreases in density. Eight populations monitored over 20&#xa0;years exhibited cyclic fluctuations with a period of 6–8&#xa0;years. Density characteristics including extremes, median, amplitude, and cycle length reached higher values in warmer and wetter regions, particularly in the more open landscapes south of 34.6 degrees north. Frequency of high densities was significantly higher in the south. While the strength of the synchrony for all possible pairs of local populations decreased linearly with increasing distance in both northern and southern regions, the range of synchrony was approximately three times greater in the south, extending over approximately 500&#xa0;km. The geographical variation in the spatiotemporal fluctuations of <i>L. imparilis</i> suggests a greater risk of this species becoming a crop pest in the southern than the northern areas of the central Kansai region.</p>

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Geographic variation in the population cycles and spatial synchrony of the mulberry tiger moth, Lemyra imparilis (Lepidoptera: Erebidae), in the Kansai region, western Japan

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月23日

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  • Masaru Hondô

摘要

Population cycles have received considerable attention due to their interesting spatiotemporal behavior, which involves regular increases and decreases in population density and often synchronous fluctuations between disjunct populations. The mulberry tiger moth, Lemyra imparilis (Butler) (Lepidoptera: Erebidae), is a univoltine moth that is widespread in Japan. The larvae are recognized as a pest that affect a number of important crops. Population changes of L. imparilis were monitored for a maximum of 36 years by annual counting colonial nests at 16 survey sites in the central Kansai region, western Japan. Population fluctuations were highly variable, showing repeated increases and decreases in density. Eight populations monitored over 20 years exhibited cyclic fluctuations with a period of 6–8 years. Density characteristics including extremes, median, amplitude, and cycle length reached higher values in warmer and wetter regions, particularly in the more open landscapes south of 34.6 degrees north. Frequency of high densities was significantly higher in the south. While the strength of the synchrony for all possible pairs of local populations decreased linearly with increasing distance in both northern and southern regions, the range of synchrony was approximately three times greater in the south, extending over approximately 500 km. The geographical variation in the spatiotemporal fluctuations of L. imparilis suggests a greater risk of this species becoming a crop pest in the southern than the northern areas of the central Kansai region.