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<p>To investigate the sensitivity of buried reinforced concrete (RC) pipelines in mountainous regions to burial depth under rockfall impact, this study systematically analyzed their dynamic response behavior and critical influencing factors. Full-scale rockfall impact tests on buried concrete pipelines were conducted, utilizing dynamic stress and vibration monitoring techniques to characterize the dynamic stress response at critical pipeline nodes. A validated LS-DYNA finite element model, calculated with experimental data, was employed to numerically simulate the dynamic response of reinforced concrete (RC) pipelines buried at depths ranging from 2 to 4&#xa0;m. The processes of structural load response under rockfall impact were clarified by this simulation. By incorporating a multivariate statistical model that links impact force with pipeline stress response, a safety evaluation approach for RC pipelines was created using ultimate strength theory, greatly improving assessment accuracy. To improve the model’s geological flexibility, a soil-type correction factor (<i>Ksoil</i>) was added, and critical rockfall height and rockfall block volume corresponding to different burial depths under normal circumstances were identified. The results indicate that pipeline stress decreases nonlinearly with increasing burial depth (e.g., a 57% reduction from 2 to 4&#xa0;m). In contrast, the peak vibration velocity and stress at the most vulnerable cross-section are located at the top and lateral sides, respectively. Through the multivariate model, the ultimate rockfall height for RC pipelines varying burial depths (2–4&#xa0;m) and soil types (rockfall block volume: 0.1–0.8&#xa0;m<sup>3</sup>) was quantified.&#xa0;Furthermore, orthogonal experimental design was employed to analyze the synergistic effects of multiple factors (burial depth, soil type, rockfall mass, and volume), revealing burial depth as the dominant parameter (40.6% contribution rate) and sand-type soil as the optimal medium for impact resistance.&#xa0;These findings provide theoretical support for the anti-impact design and safety evaluation of water conveyance pipelines in complex geological environments.</p>

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Multi-factor sensitivity analysis of dynamic response and safety assessment of reinforced concrete pipelines with different buried depths under the impact of collapse rockfalls

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月28日

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  • Yang Liu,
  • Nan Jiang,
  • Yingkang Yao,
  • Feng Yang,
  • Guopeng Lyu

摘要

To investigate the sensitivity of buried reinforced concrete (RC) pipelines in mountainous regions to burial depth under rockfall impact, this study systematically analyzed their dynamic response behavior and critical influencing factors. Full-scale rockfall impact tests on buried concrete pipelines were conducted, utilizing dynamic stress and vibration monitoring techniques to characterize the dynamic stress response at critical pipeline nodes. A validated LS-DYNA finite element model, calculated with experimental data, was employed to numerically simulate the dynamic response of reinforced concrete (RC) pipelines buried at depths ranging from 2 to 4 m. The processes of structural load response under rockfall impact were clarified by this simulation. By incorporating a multivariate statistical model that links impact force with pipeline stress response, a safety evaluation approach for RC pipelines was created using ultimate strength theory, greatly improving assessment accuracy. To improve the model’s geological flexibility, a soil-type correction factor (Ksoil) was added, and critical rockfall height and rockfall block volume corresponding to different burial depths under normal circumstances were identified. The results indicate that pipeline stress decreases nonlinearly with increasing burial depth (e.g., a 57% reduction from 2 to 4 m). In contrast, the peak vibration velocity and stress at the most vulnerable cross-section are located at the top and lateral sides, respectively. Through the multivariate model, the ultimate rockfall height for RC pipelines varying burial depths (2–4 m) and soil types (rockfall block volume: 0.1–0.8 m3) was quantified. Furthermore, orthogonal experimental design was employed to analyze the synergistic effects of multiple factors (burial depth, soil type, rockfall mass, and volume), revealing burial depth as the dominant parameter (40.6% contribution rate) and sand-type soil as the optimal medium for impact resistance. These findings provide theoretical support for the anti-impact design and safety evaluation of water conveyance pipelines in complex geological environments.