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<p>In light of the increasing prevalence of underwater concrete structures and the challenges posed by harsh underwater environments, there is a need for reliable methods to assess underwater concrete strength. In this study, a novel underwater rebound hammer (RH) was firstly developed to test the underwater concrete strength. Afterward, a series of tests, namely pre-pressure, air pressure, and water depth tests, were conducted in the laboratory to verify the feasibility of RH. Then, underwater rebound tests and compressive strength tests were conducted on concrete specimens of twelve commonly used underwater mixture proportions. Thus a strength prediction model was subsequently presented by the correlation between rebound number (RN) and actual strength values. Finally, a practical engineering was tested in the field, and the predicted values were compared with the monitoring results of Piezoceramic Lead-Zirconate-Titanate sensors. The results show that the RN measured by the underwater RH is consistent and reliable, with an error of 1.37% at different water depths, proving the feasibility of underwater RH; the maximum error of the strength prediction model is 11.89% for both laboratory and field tests, which meet the design specification. These indicate that it is suitable for the modified RH to test underwater concrete; furthermore, the proposed strength prediction model provides an applicable way to assess the strength of underwater concrete.</p>

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Underwater adaptation of rebound hammer for concrete strength testing: experimental development and field validation

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月28日

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  • Shao-Fei Jiang,
  • Pengze Li,
  • Qingqing Xu,
  • Shengxian Wang,
  • Hualin Song,
  • Jinkang Lian,
  • Wei Wang

摘要

In light of the increasing prevalence of underwater concrete structures and the challenges posed by harsh underwater environments, there is a need for reliable methods to assess underwater concrete strength. In this study, a novel underwater rebound hammer (RH) was firstly developed to test the underwater concrete strength. Afterward, a series of tests, namely pre-pressure, air pressure, and water depth tests, were conducted in the laboratory to verify the feasibility of RH. Then, underwater rebound tests and compressive strength tests were conducted on concrete specimens of twelve commonly used underwater mixture proportions. Thus a strength prediction model was subsequently presented by the correlation between rebound number (RN) and actual strength values. Finally, a practical engineering was tested in the field, and the predicted values were compared with the monitoring results of Piezoceramic Lead-Zirconate-Titanate sensors. The results show that the RN measured by the underwater RH is consistent and reliable, with an error of 1.37% at different water depths, proving the feasibility of underwater RH; the maximum error of the strength prediction model is 11.89% for both laboratory and field tests, which meet the design specification. These indicate that it is suitable for the modified RH to test underwater concrete; furthermore, the proposed strength prediction model provides an applicable way to assess the strength of underwater concrete.