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<p>Addressing the structural integrity threats faced by traditional pagoda-style ancient buildings, this study aims to enhance the accuracy and efficiency of deformation monitoring for ancient structures, while reducing the costs and labor involved in traditional measurement methods. The research presents a method utilizing multi-source spatial data to monitor deformations of the Yingxian Wooden Pagoda and the subsidence of its surrounding environment. Detailed monitoring and analysis were conducted using both the Persistent Scatterer Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (PS-InSAR) and Small Baseline Subset Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (SBAS-InSAR) techniques. The point cloud data obtained from airborne laser scanners and close-range photogrammetry were preprocessed and co-registered with the terrestrial reference point cloud, forming a comprehensive peripheral point cloud of the Yingxian Wooden Pagoda through this integrated workflow. The results indicate that the annual subsidence rates in the area surrounding the pagoda range between –&#xa0;7&#xa0;mm/year and 7&#xa0;mm/year. Cross-validation of InSAR-derived displacements and point cloud deformation measurements revealed a maximum inter-method discrepancy of 8&#xa0;mm in the pagoda’s structural movement quantification. Furthermore, by projecting the apex point cloud data of the wooden pagoda onto the satellite line-of-sight direction, this study revealed an upward trend in the pagoda’s apex elevation during the research period, consistent with InSAR monitoring results. These findings delineate structural deformation patterns within the pagoda and establish a methodological framework for conservation monitoring of historic timber structures, with critical implications for architectural heritage management.</p>

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Case study of Yingxian Wooden Pagoda: space-air-ground integrated remote sensing for enhancing InSAR deformation analysis with LiDAR point clouds

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月15日

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  • Ming Guo,
  • Yaxuan Wei,
  • Deng Pan,
  • Chutian Gao,
  • Shuai Guo,
  • Xuanshuo Liang

摘要

Addressing the structural integrity threats faced by traditional pagoda-style ancient buildings, this study aims to enhance the accuracy and efficiency of deformation monitoring for ancient structures, while reducing the costs and labor involved in traditional measurement methods. The research presents a method utilizing multi-source spatial data to monitor deformations of the Yingxian Wooden Pagoda and the subsidence of its surrounding environment. Detailed monitoring and analysis were conducted using both the Persistent Scatterer Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (PS-InSAR) and Small Baseline Subset Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (SBAS-InSAR) techniques. The point cloud data obtained from airborne laser scanners and close-range photogrammetry were preprocessed and co-registered with the terrestrial reference point cloud, forming a comprehensive peripheral point cloud of the Yingxian Wooden Pagoda through this integrated workflow. The results indicate that the annual subsidence rates in the area surrounding the pagoda range between – 7 mm/year and 7 mm/year. Cross-validation of InSAR-derived displacements and point cloud deformation measurements revealed a maximum inter-method discrepancy of 8 mm in the pagoda’s structural movement quantification. Furthermore, by projecting the apex point cloud data of the wooden pagoda onto the satellite line-of-sight direction, this study revealed an upward trend in the pagoda’s apex elevation during the research period, consistent with InSAR monitoring results. These findings delineate structural deformation patterns within the pagoda and establish a methodological framework for conservation monitoring of historic timber structures, with critical implications for architectural heritage management.