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<p>This study aimed to fabricate and characterize a polymeric matrix-type transdermal patch containing <i>Mitragyna speciosa</i> ethanolic extract (MSE) using an Eudragit RL100/polyvinylpyrrolidone (ERL/PVP) matrix. Eight different MSE polymeric matrices with varying ERL/PVP ratios, solvent-type permeation enhancers, and MSE loadings were successfully prepared using the solvent casting technique. All polymeric matrices had average thickness of 272.5–316.0&#xa0;μm with mitragynine content of 198.45–280.86&#xa0;µg/cm². ATR-FTIR indicated a lack of intermolecular interactions between MSE and ERL or PVP. Mitragynine release followed a square root of time dependence, with a rate of 12.74–17.72&#xa0;µg/cm<sup>2</sup>/h<sup>1/2</sup>, regulated by a diffusion-controlled process. Ex vivo skin absorption using porcine ear skin showed that mitragynine permeated with initial permeation flux of 1.55–2.84&#xa0;µg/cm<sup>2</sup>/h. Inclusion of 10% diethylene glycol monoethyl ether enhanced mitragynine skin deposition and permeation efficiency, yielding total skin absorption of 30.88% of the applied dose at 24&#xa0;h. An anti-inflammatory study using carrageenan-induced paw edema in Wistar rats demonstrated the efficacy of MSE patch administration through systemic effects (dorsal region) and local effects (paw area). Expression of pro-inflammatory genes (IL-6, iNOS, and TNF-α) in the paw tissue treated with the MSE patch was significantly reduced compared to that with the placebo. In vivo skin absorption demonstrated that MSE patches delivered mitragynine systemically at a low concentration (&lt; 0.48&#xa0;µg/mL), while remaining safe and not inducing skin irritation. The information in this study highlights the potential of polymeric matrix as a simple, conventional, noninvasive alternative transdermal carrier for MSE to alleviate local inflammation and pain associated with inflammatory conditions.</p> Graphic abstract <p></p>

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Transdermal delivery and anti-inflammatory efficacy of Mitragyna speciosa extract transdermal patch for local inflammation management: in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo investigations

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月15日

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  • Sarunya Tuntiyasawasdikul,
  • Jintana Junlatat,
  • Peera Tabboon,
  • Ekapol Limpongsa,
  • Napaphak Jaipakdee

摘要

This study aimed to fabricate and characterize a polymeric matrix-type transdermal patch containing Mitragyna speciosa ethanolic extract (MSE) using an Eudragit RL100/polyvinylpyrrolidone (ERL/PVP) matrix. Eight different MSE polymeric matrices with varying ERL/PVP ratios, solvent-type permeation enhancers, and MSE loadings were successfully prepared using the solvent casting technique. All polymeric matrices had average thickness of 272.5–316.0 μm with mitragynine content of 198.45–280.86 µg/cm². ATR-FTIR indicated a lack of intermolecular interactions between MSE and ERL or PVP. Mitragynine release followed a square root of time dependence, with a rate of 12.74–17.72 µg/cm2/h1/2, regulated by a diffusion-controlled process. Ex vivo skin absorption using porcine ear skin showed that mitragynine permeated with initial permeation flux of 1.55–2.84 µg/cm2/h. Inclusion of 10% diethylene glycol monoethyl ether enhanced mitragynine skin deposition and permeation efficiency, yielding total skin absorption of 30.88% of the applied dose at 24 h. An anti-inflammatory study using carrageenan-induced paw edema in Wistar rats demonstrated the efficacy of MSE patch administration through systemic effects (dorsal region) and local effects (paw area). Expression of pro-inflammatory genes (IL-6, iNOS, and TNF-α) in the paw tissue treated with the MSE patch was significantly reduced compared to that with the placebo. In vivo skin absorption demonstrated that MSE patches delivered mitragynine systemically at a low concentration (< 0.48 µg/mL), while remaining safe and not inducing skin irritation. The information in this study highlights the potential of polymeric matrix as a simple, conventional, noninvasive alternative transdermal carrier for MSE to alleviate local inflammation and pain associated with inflammatory conditions.

Graphic abstract