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<p>When ships navigate nearshore, the waves they generate can become trapped near the shoreline and form edge waves. In this study, the FUNWAVE-TVD model is employed to investigate the excitation of edge waves by ship-generated waves over convex exponential bathymetry. The results indicate that edge waves are excited when the ship speed exceeds a critical threshold, with mode-0 edge waves dominating at lower speeds and higher modes emerging as the speed increases. The fundamental mode is attributed to Bernoulli waves, whereas higher modes arise from the combined effects of Bernoulli and divergent waves. A resonance mechanism analogous to Greenspan resonance is identified, wherein edge waves are triggered when their phase velocity matches the ship speed. Furthermore, an exponential relationship describes the dependence of the maximum wave height at a breakwater on the Froude number.</p>

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Numerical Investigation of Edge Waves over Convex Bathymetry Induced by Moving Vessels

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月19日

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  • Di Zhang,
  • Gang Wang,
  • Xi Feng,
  • Wei-bing Feng

摘要

When ships navigate nearshore, the waves they generate can become trapped near the shoreline and form edge waves. In this study, the FUNWAVE-TVD model is employed to investigate the excitation of edge waves by ship-generated waves over convex exponential bathymetry. The results indicate that edge waves are excited when the ship speed exceeds a critical threshold, with mode-0 edge waves dominating at lower speeds and higher modes emerging as the speed increases. The fundamental mode is attributed to Bernoulli waves, whereas higher modes arise from the combined effects of Bernoulli and divergent waves. A resonance mechanism analogous to Greenspan resonance is identified, wherein edge waves are triggered when their phase velocity matches the ship speed. Furthermore, an exponential relationship describes the dependence of the maximum wave height at a breakwater on the Froude number.