<p>The utilization of marine resources has become a strategic priority of global significance. Offshore platforms and offshore wind turbines are critical components of offshore energy development systems. To address the complexity, randomness, and uncertainty inherent in the marine environment and to ensure the safety of offshore installations during service, structural analysis and optimization of their foundations are essential. Jacket foundations, which provide high rigidity and stability, are suitable for shallow water and have emerged as the preferred foundation type for deepwater offshore installations. This study systematically reviews recent advances in theoretical modeling, numerical simulation, and experimental validation of structural response analyses and optimization methodologies for jacket foundations under complex marine conditions. Driven by diverse engineering requirements, researchers have proposed various structural optimization strategies. Existing efforts have primarily focused on structural topology, lightweight design, and performance-based optimization. Furthermore, this review identifies key technical challenges and outlines future research directions for optimizing offshore jacket foundations in ocean engineering.</p>