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<p>Overlapping wildlife habitats and pastoralist movement routes are plausible sites for transmission of diseases between wildlife and livestock. Foot and mouth disease (FMD) is extremely contagious and known for its high rate of spread. Pastoral communities like the Gujjar and Bakarwal show seasonal migration in Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir since time immemorial. Using geospatial tools in R Studio, we mapped protected areas and pastoral routes across geographical region of UT of Jammu and Kashmir. On the basis of distance outside the boundary of protected areas overlap with the pastoral migratory routes, three distinct zones were demarcated namely high-risk zones falls (up to 5&#xa0;km), buffer zone – 1 (5.1&#xa0;km—10&#xa0;km) and buffer zone-2 (10.1&#xa0;km—15&#xa0;km). In the present, 34 risk zones were identified. The closest interaction points with only 370 mts apart between Lachipora Wildlife Sanctuary and Baramulla. These wildlife-livestock interfaces are plausible hotspots for FMD transmission in the study area. Considering the severe contagious nature of FMD Virus, seasonal vaccinations and community-led monitoring are strongly recommended in high-risk areas identified in the study area. The findings of the study directly support veterinarians, conservationists, and policymakers in managing the deadly FMD transmission while protecting both livestock and wildlife in Jammu &amp; Kashmir, and thus aid in achieving the target of One Health.</p>

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Exploring hotspots for foot and mouth disease transmission at wildlife-livestock interfaces in Union Territory of Jammu & Kashmir, India

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月6日

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  • Shubani Kumari,
  • Vinita Sharma

摘要

Overlapping wildlife habitats and pastoralist movement routes are plausible sites for transmission of diseases between wildlife and livestock. Foot and mouth disease (FMD) is extremely contagious and known for its high rate of spread. Pastoral communities like the Gujjar and Bakarwal show seasonal migration in Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir since time immemorial. Using geospatial tools in R Studio, we mapped protected areas and pastoral routes across geographical region of UT of Jammu and Kashmir. On the basis of distance outside the boundary of protected areas overlap with the pastoral migratory routes, three distinct zones were demarcated namely high-risk zones falls (up to 5 km), buffer zone – 1 (5.1 km—10 km) and buffer zone-2 (10.1 km—15 km). In the present, 34 risk zones were identified. The closest interaction points with only 370 mts apart between Lachipora Wildlife Sanctuary and Baramulla. These wildlife-livestock interfaces are plausible hotspots for FMD transmission in the study area. Considering the severe contagious nature of FMD Virus, seasonal vaccinations and community-led monitoring are strongly recommended in high-risk areas identified in the study area. The findings of the study directly support veterinarians, conservationists, and policymakers in managing the deadly FMD transmission while protecting both livestock and wildlife in Jammu & Kashmir, and thus aid in achieving the target of One Health.