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<p>Crimean Congo haemorrhagic Fever remains a significant public health problem, especially in endemic areas, and is transmitted through Hyalomma ticks and direct contact with the blood or tissues of infected livestock. This study aimed to assess the association between household animals, tick bites, and contact with raw or fresh meat and the transmission of disease in Thi Qar Province, Iraq. A retrospective cross-sectional analytical study was conducted, including 806 suspected cases, of which 190 were positive for Crimean Congo haemorrhagic Fever (23.6%). Among the suspected cases, 70.5% were recorded in 2023 and 29.5% in 2024. Mean age was 39.1 ± 19.3years, and 60.4% were male and 39.6% were female. More than half of the participants lived in urban areas. Household animals, animal slaughtering, tick bites, and direct contact with uncooked or freshly slaughtered meat were strongly associated with infection, with p-values &lt; 0.0001 for each. Informal or unsafe household slaughtering practices, especially those performed without adequate protective measures. Direct contact with raw and freshly slaughtered meat, contact with household animals, and tick bites are factors significantly associated with contracting the disease in Thi Qar, Iraq, during 2023–2024. The collective findings highlight the urgent need for preventive strategies, including comprehensive awareness campaigns to promote the use of personal protective equipment, education on safe animal slaughter and handling, and strengthening surveillance systems in endemic areas.</p>

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Epidemiological study of Crimean- Congo haemorrhagic fever in Thi Qar (2023–2024): assessing the role of tick bites, household animals, slaughter and fresh meat exposure in disease transmission

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月23日

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  • Saja Abdalkadhum Hommod,
  • Azhar kareem Razzaq,
  • Ali B. Roomi

摘要

Crimean Congo haemorrhagic Fever remains a significant public health problem, especially in endemic areas, and is transmitted through Hyalomma ticks and direct contact with the blood or tissues of infected livestock. This study aimed to assess the association between household animals, tick bites, and contact with raw or fresh meat and the transmission of disease in Thi Qar Province, Iraq. A retrospective cross-sectional analytical study was conducted, including 806 suspected cases, of which 190 were positive for Crimean Congo haemorrhagic Fever (23.6%). Among the suspected cases, 70.5% were recorded in 2023 and 29.5% in 2024. Mean age was 39.1 ± 19.3years, and 60.4% were male and 39.6% were female. More than half of the participants lived in urban areas. Household animals, animal slaughtering, tick bites, and direct contact with uncooked or freshly slaughtered meat were strongly associated with infection, with p-values < 0.0001 for each. Informal or unsafe household slaughtering practices, especially those performed without adequate protective measures. Direct contact with raw and freshly slaughtered meat, contact with household animals, and tick bites are factors significantly associated with contracting the disease in Thi Qar, Iraq, during 2023–2024. The collective findings highlight the urgent need for preventive strategies, including comprehensive awareness campaigns to promote the use of personal protective equipment, education on safe animal slaughter and handling, and strengthening surveillance systems in endemic areas.