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<p>Porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) remains a globally important swine pathogen, and its genetic diversity is central to understanding disease dynamics and control. We estimated a pooled prevalence of 42% (95% CI: 33–52%) by conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis of 53 studies reporting sequencing data (<i>n</i> = 26,200; PCV2-positive = 11,339) published across 18 countries between 2012 and 2022. The most common genotype was PCV2d (57%), which was followed by PCV2b (33%), and PCV2a (11%). This indicates a distinct global shift in genotype from PCV2b dominance in 2013 to PCV2d predominance starting in 2014. Despite having the largest dataset, China ranked fourth (55%) and Russia had the highest prevalence (97%) indicating clear regional differences. These results imply PCV2’s rapid genotype evolution and regional heterogeneity, underscoring the need for effective vaccines, genotype-specific diagnostics for continuous genomic surveillance to guide global control measures. We believe that close monitoring of evolving genotypes would enable making evidence-based decisions related to pig health management which in turn can lead to effective global control of PCV2-associated diseases.</p>

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Diversity of porcine circovirus 2 genotypes: insights from the studies reported worldwide in the past decade

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月5日

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  • Ruchi R. Malwade,
  • K. M. Priyadharshini,
  • Sangita Venkataraman,
  • Christophert Oluwole Akakpo,
  • Madhuri Subbiah

摘要

Porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) remains a globally important swine pathogen, and its genetic diversity is central to understanding disease dynamics and control. We estimated a pooled prevalence of 42% (95% CI: 33–52%) by conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis of 53 studies reporting sequencing data (n = 26,200; PCV2-positive = 11,339) published across 18 countries between 2012 and 2022. The most common genotype was PCV2d (57%), which was followed by PCV2b (33%), and PCV2a (11%). This indicates a distinct global shift in genotype from PCV2b dominance in 2013 to PCV2d predominance starting in 2014. Despite having the largest dataset, China ranked fourth (55%) and Russia had the highest prevalence (97%) indicating clear regional differences. These results imply PCV2’s rapid genotype evolution and regional heterogeneity, underscoring the need for effective vaccines, genotype-specific diagnostics for continuous genomic surveillance to guide global control measures. We believe that close monitoring of evolving genotypes would enable making evidence-based decisions related to pig health management which in turn can lead to effective global control of PCV2-associated diseases.