<p>It is proven that Schrödinger-type problem <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="13324_2025_1108_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="71" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(w'_t=\text {i}\mathfrak {A} w\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msubsup> <mi>w</mi> <mi>t</mi> <mo>′</mo> </msubsup> <mo>=</mo> <mtext>i</mtext> <mi mathvariant="fraktur">A</mi> <mi>w</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="13324_2025_1108_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="68" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(w(0)=f\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>w</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>=</mo> <mi>f</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="13324_2025_1108_Article_IEq3.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="51" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({(t&gt;0)}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> in the Gaussian Hilbert space <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="13324_2025_1108_Article_IEq4.gif" Format="GIF" Height="21" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="85" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(L^2_\mathbb {C}(X,\mathcal {B},\gamma )\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msubsup> <mi>L</mi> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">C</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msubsup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>X</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi mathvariant="script">B</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>γ</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> has the unique solution <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="13324_2025_1108_Article_IEq5.gif" Format="GIF" Height="28" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="200" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({e}^{\text {i}t\mathfrak {A}}f=\frac{1}{\sqrt{4\pi t}}{\mathop {\mathbb {E}}}_xe ^{-\frac{1}{4t}\Vert x\Vert _X^2}\mathcal {W}_{\text {i}x}f\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msup> <mrow> <mi>e</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mtext>i</mtext> <mi>t</mi> <mi mathvariant="fraktur">A</mi> </mrow> </msup> <mi>f</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <msqrt> <mrow> <mn>4</mn> <mi>π</mi> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> </msqrt> </mfrac> <msub> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">E</mi> <mi>x</mi> </msub> <msup> <mi>e</mi> <mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mrow> <mn>4</mn> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> <msubsup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">‖</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo stretchy="false">‖</mo> </mrow> <mi>X</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msubsup> </mrow> </msup> <msub> <mi mathvariant="script">W</mi> <mrow> <mtext>i</mtext> <mi>x</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mi>f</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, where the semigroup <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="13324_2025_1108_Article_IEq6.gif" Format="GIF" Height="17" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="26" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({e}^{\text {i}t\mathfrak {A}}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msup> <mrow> <mi>e</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mtext>i</mtext> <mi>t</mi> <mi mathvariant="fraktur">A</mi> </mrow> </msup> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is irreducible-intertwined via Weyl pairs <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="13324_2025_1108_Article_IEq7.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="110" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\left\{ \mathcal {W}_{\text {i}x}:x\in X\right\} \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mfenced close="}" open="{"> <msub> <mi mathvariant="script">W</mi> <mrow> <mtext>i</mtext> <mi>x</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>:</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mi>X</mi> </mfenced> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> with the shift and multiplication coordinate groups on the space <InlineEquation ID="IEq8"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="13324_2025_1108_Article_IEq8.gif" Format="GIF" Height="21" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="24" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathcal {H}^2_\mathbb {C}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msubsup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="script">H</mi> </mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">C</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msubsup> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> of Hilbert-Schmidt analytic functionals on <InlineEquation ID="IEq9"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="13324_2025_1108_Article_IEq9.gif" Format="GIF" Height="15" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="59" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({H\oplus \text {i}H}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>H</mi> <mo>⊕</mo> <mtext>i</mtext> <mi>H</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. The expectation <InlineEquation ID="IEq10"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="13324_2025_1108_Article_IEq10.gif" Format="GIF" Height="21" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="90" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({\mathop {\mathbb {E}}}f={\int f\,d\gamma }\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">E</mi> <mi>f</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mrow> <mo>∫</mo> <mi>f</mi> <mspace width="0.166667em" /> <mi>d</mi> <mi>γ</mi> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is defined by Gaussian measure <InlineEquation ID="IEq11"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="13324_2025_1108_Article_IEq11.gif" Format="GIF" Height="12" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="13" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\gamma \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>γ</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> on a real separable Banach space <i>X</i>, using Gross’s theory of an abstract Wiener space <InlineEquation ID="IEq12"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="13324_2025_1108_Article_IEq12.gif" Format="GIF" Height="17" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="82" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\jmath :H\looparrowright X\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>ȷ</mi> <mo>:</mo> <mi>H</mi> <mo>↬</mo> <mi>X</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> with the reproducing Hilbert space <i>H</i>. It is established the explicit formula for Hamiltonian <InlineEquation ID="IEq13"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="13324_2025_1108_Article_IEq13.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="14" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathfrak {A}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi mathvariant="fraktur">A</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> in the form of a closure of sums <InlineEquation ID="IEq14"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="13324_2025_1108_Article_IEq14.gif" Format="GIF" Height="20" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="107" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({\sum [\mathfrak {h}_2(\phi _j)+\mathbb {1}_j]}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mo>∑</mo> <mo stretchy="false">[</mo> <msub> <mi mathvariant="fraktur">h</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msub> <mi>ϕ</mi> <mi>j</mi> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mn mathvariant="double-struck">1</mn> <mi>j</mi> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">]</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> with the 2nd-degree Hermite polynomial <InlineEquation ID="IEq15"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="13324_2025_1108_Article_IEq15.gif" Format="GIF" Height="17" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="17" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathfrak {h}_2\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi mathvariant="fraktur">h</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> from Gaussian variables <InlineEquation ID="IEq16"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="13324_2025_1108_Article_IEq16.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="20" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\phi _j\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi>ϕ</mi> <mi>j</mi> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and number operators <InlineEquation ID="IEq17"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="13324_2025_1108_Article_IEq17.gif" Format="GIF" Height="18" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="18" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathbb {1}_j\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mn mathvariant="double-struck">1</mn> <mi>j</mi> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> generated by the basis <InlineEquation ID="IEq18"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="13324_2025_1108_Article_IEq18.gif" Format="GIF" Height="20" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="67" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\((\mathfrak {e}_j)\subset H\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msub> <mi mathvariant="fraktur">e</mi> <mi>j</mi> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>⊂</mo> <mi>H</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> in the probability space <InlineEquation ID="IEq19"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="13324_2025_1108_Article_IEq19.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="65" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\((X,\mathcal {B},\gamma )\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>X</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi mathvariant="script">B</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>γ</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> with Borel’s field <InlineEquation ID="IEq20"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="13324_2025_1108_Article_IEq20.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="16" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathcal {B}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi mathvariant="script">B</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> created by <InlineEquation ID="IEq21"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="13324_2025_1108_Article_IEq21.gif" Format="GIF" Height="12" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="11" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\jmath \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>ȷ</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. The Jackson inequalities with explicit constants for best approximations of <InlineEquation ID="IEq22"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="13324_2025_1108_Article_IEq13.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="14" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathfrak {A}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi mathvariant="fraktur">A</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> are established.</p>

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Schrödinger-type semigroups intertwined by Weyl pairs on abstract Wiener spaces

  • Oleh Lopushansky

摘要

It is proven that Schrödinger-type problem \(w'_t=\text {i}\mathfrak {A} w\) w t = i A w , \(w(0)=f\) w ( 0 ) = f , \({(t>0)}\) ( t > 0 ) in the Gaussian Hilbert space \(L^2_\mathbb {C}(X,\mathcal {B},\gamma )\) L C 2 ( X , B , γ ) has the unique solution \({e}^{\text {i}t\mathfrak {A}}f=\frac{1}{\sqrt{4\pi t}}{\mathop {\mathbb {E}}}_xe ^{-\frac{1}{4t}\Vert x\Vert _X^2}\mathcal {W}_{\text {i}x}f\) e i t A f = 1 4 π t E x e - 1 4 t x X 2 W i x f , where the semigroup \({e}^{\text {i}t\mathfrak {A}}\) e i t A is irreducible-intertwined via Weyl pairs \(\left\{ \mathcal {W}_{\text {i}x}:x\in X\right\} \) W i x : x X with the shift and multiplication coordinate groups on the space \(\mathcal {H}^2_\mathbb {C}\) H C 2 of Hilbert-Schmidt analytic functionals on \({H\oplus \text {i}H}\) H i H . The expectation \({\mathop {\mathbb {E}}}f={\int f\,d\gamma }\) E f = f d γ is defined by Gaussian measure \(\gamma \) γ on a real separable Banach space X, using Gross’s theory of an abstract Wiener space \(\jmath :H\looparrowright X\) ȷ : H X with the reproducing Hilbert space H. It is established the explicit formula for Hamiltonian \(\mathfrak {A}\) A in the form of a closure of sums \({\sum [\mathfrak {h}_2(\phi _j)+\mathbb {1}_j]}\) [ h 2 ( ϕ j ) + 1 j ] with the 2nd-degree Hermite polynomial \(\mathfrak {h}_2\) h 2 from Gaussian variables \(\phi _j\) ϕ j and number operators \(\mathbb {1}_j\) 1 j generated by the basis \((\mathfrak {e}_j)\subset H\) ( e j ) H in the probability space \((X,\mathcal {B},\gamma )\) ( X , B , γ ) with Borel’s field \(\mathcal {B}\) B created by \(\jmath \) ȷ . The Jackson inequalities with explicit constants for best approximations of \(\mathfrak {A}\) A are established.