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<p>During late 2020, tiny black spots were noticed (initially restricted to petiole part and later seen on leaves as well as young nuts) in WCT palms in coconut farm maintained at ICAR-CPCRI Research Centre Kidu, Karnataka. The tiny black spots later coalesce to form dark lesions with grey centre leading to drying of the entire infected coconut leaf. The disease later reemerged in the Kasaragod region of Kerala between 2022 and 2024, with a 68% incidence rate. A series of cultural, morphological, molecular characterization using multi-gene phylogeny, and pathogenicity assays with Koch’s postulates confirmed the association of <i>Exserohilum rostratum</i> as the causal organism of black spot disease. <i>E. rostratum</i> is known to be one among the causal agents responsible for leaf rot disease of coconut especially in Root (wilt) affected areas. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first confirmed report of <i>Exserohilum rostratum</i> as the primary causal agent of black spot disease in coconut. Given the pathogen’s broad host range and global distribution, its emergence as a distinct and independent coconut pathogen represents a potential transboundary risk to other coconut-growing regions. These findings highlight the evolving pathogenic potential of <i>E. rostratum</i> and underscore the need for international vigilance and integrated management strategies to safeguard coconut cultivation worldwide. Spraying with Hexaconazole 0.2% effectively controlled the disease under in vivo conditions, resulting in near-complete symptom reduction.</p>

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New insights into Exserohilum rostratum: a rising cause of black spot disease in coconut (Cocos nucifera L.)

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月29日

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  • Daliyamol,
  • Prathibha Veerappa Hanumanthappa,
  • Kamal Kumar,
  • Samsudeen Kukkamgai,
  • Arun S. Kumar,
  • Sabana Abdulla Abdulla,
  • Vinayaka Hegde

摘要

During late 2020, tiny black spots were noticed (initially restricted to petiole part and later seen on leaves as well as young nuts) in WCT palms in coconut farm maintained at ICAR-CPCRI Research Centre Kidu, Karnataka. The tiny black spots later coalesce to form dark lesions with grey centre leading to drying of the entire infected coconut leaf. The disease later reemerged in the Kasaragod region of Kerala between 2022 and 2024, with a 68% incidence rate. A series of cultural, morphological, molecular characterization using multi-gene phylogeny, and pathogenicity assays with Koch’s postulates confirmed the association of Exserohilum rostratum as the causal organism of black spot disease. E. rostratum is known to be one among the causal agents responsible for leaf rot disease of coconut especially in Root (wilt) affected areas. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first confirmed report of Exserohilum rostratum as the primary causal agent of black spot disease in coconut. Given the pathogen’s broad host range and global distribution, its emergence as a distinct and independent coconut pathogen represents a potential transboundary risk to other coconut-growing regions. These findings highlight the evolving pathogenic potential of E. rostratum and underscore the need for international vigilance and integrated management strategies to safeguard coconut cultivation worldwide. Spraying with Hexaconazole 0.2% effectively controlled the disease under in vivo conditions, resulting in near-complete symptom reduction.