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<p>During 2023 and 2024, surveys across plum orchards in Himachal Pradesh, India, revealed a high disease incidence of 80%, characterized by typical canker symptoms on branches and trunks frequently accompanied by gum exudation. Twenty-seven bacterial isolates were recovered from symptomatic tissues of the plum cultivar ‘Black Amber’, and four representative isolates (P5, P6, P7, and P8) were subjected to morphological, biochemical, and molecular characterization. The isolates were identified as Gram-positive, coccoid, catalase-positive, and urease-positive obligate aerobes. Pathogenicity was confirmed through both the detached twig method and in planta glasshouse inoculations. Of the tested isolates, only P5 consistently induced characteristic necrotic lesions, sunken cankers, and gum exudation 18 to 30 days post-inoculation, with symptoms eventually leading to shoot dieback. Koch’s postulates were satisfied through the successful re-isolation of isolate P5 from symptomatic tissues. Molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA, <i>gyrB</i>, and <i>leuS</i> gene sequencing (GenBank accessions PV162547.1, PV268675, and PV268676) confirmed the identity of the pathogen as <i>Staphylococcus warneri</i>. While this bacterium has been previously reported on Prunus species in Iran, this study represents the first report of <i>S. warneri</i> causing bacterial canker and gummosis of plum in India, identifying it as a significant emerging threat to the region's stone fruit production.</p>

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First report of bacterial canker and gummosis of Plum caused by Staphylococcus Warneri in the Indian Himalayan region

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月22日

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  • Shakshi Sharma,
  • Manica Tomar,
  • Santosh Watpade,
  • Sunita Devi

摘要

During 2023 and 2024, surveys across plum orchards in Himachal Pradesh, India, revealed a high disease incidence of 80%, characterized by typical canker symptoms on branches and trunks frequently accompanied by gum exudation. Twenty-seven bacterial isolates were recovered from symptomatic tissues of the plum cultivar ‘Black Amber’, and four representative isolates (P5, P6, P7, and P8) were subjected to morphological, biochemical, and molecular characterization. The isolates were identified as Gram-positive, coccoid, catalase-positive, and urease-positive obligate aerobes. Pathogenicity was confirmed through both the detached twig method and in planta glasshouse inoculations. Of the tested isolates, only P5 consistently induced characteristic necrotic lesions, sunken cankers, and gum exudation 18 to 30 days post-inoculation, with symptoms eventually leading to shoot dieback. Koch’s postulates were satisfied through the successful re-isolation of isolate P5 from symptomatic tissues. Molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA, gyrB, and leuS gene sequencing (GenBank accessions PV162547.1, PV268675, and PV268676) confirmed the identity of the pathogen as Staphylococcus warneri. While this bacterium has been previously reported on Prunus species in Iran, this study represents the first report of S. warneri causing bacterial canker and gummosis of plum in India, identifying it as a significant emerging threat to the region's stone fruit production.