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Objective <p>This study assessed the psychological distress, depression, and burden among primary caregivers of children with steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome (SSNS) and explored its association with disease severity and patient/caregiver demographics.</p> Methods <p>Psychological assessment of primary caregivers of children aged 6&#xa0;months to 15&#xa0;years with SSNS was performed using General Health Questionnaire-12 for psychological distress, Beck Depression Inventory for depression, and Zarit Burden Interview-6 for caregiver burden.</p> Results <p>Out of 72 eligible caregivers, 60 were included. Severe depression, severe psychological distress, and significant caregiver burden were observed in 38.3%, 30%, and 61.7% of primary caregivers, respectively. Steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome (SDNS) and disease duration over 24&#xa0;months increased severe psychological distress. Risk factors for caregiver depression included child &lt; 7&#xa0;years, female gender, frequently relapsing nephrotic syndrome (FRNS)/SDNS, steroid use &gt; 6&#xa0;months, &gt; 4 relapses, and prior hospitalization. Caregiver burden was higher in younger age, FRNS/SDNS, hospitalization, and lower middle socio-economic status.</p> Conclusion <p>Caregivers of children with SSNS experience significant psychological distress, depression, and financial burden.</p>

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Psychosocial Distress, Depression and Burden Among Primary Caregivers of Children With Steroid-Sensitive Nephrotic Syndrome

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月8日

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  • Mritunjay Kumar,
  • Rashmi Kumari,
  • Rashmi Shukla,
  • Namita Mishra,
  • Amit Shukla,
  • Bimlesh Prasad

摘要

Objective

This study assessed the psychological distress, depression, and burden among primary caregivers of children with steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome (SSNS) and explored its association with disease severity and patient/caregiver demographics.

Methods

Psychological assessment of primary caregivers of children aged 6 months to 15 years with SSNS was performed using General Health Questionnaire-12 for psychological distress, Beck Depression Inventory for depression, and Zarit Burden Interview-6 for caregiver burden.

Results

Out of 72 eligible caregivers, 60 were included. Severe depression, severe psychological distress, and significant caregiver burden were observed in 38.3%, 30%, and 61.7% of primary caregivers, respectively. Steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome (SDNS) and disease duration over 24 months increased severe psychological distress. Risk factors for caregiver depression included child < 7 years, female gender, frequently relapsing nephrotic syndrome (FRNS)/SDNS, steroid use > 6 months, > 4 relapses, and prior hospitalization. Caregiver burden was higher in younger age, FRNS/SDNS, hospitalization, and lower middle socio-economic status.

Conclusion

Caregivers of children with SSNS experience significant psychological distress, depression, and financial burden.