Background Metabolic syndrome (MetS) and periodontal disease cause various systemic complications through shared inflammatory mechanisms, yet social and academic awareness of these conditions remains insufficient. Recently, the prevalence of both diseases has continued to increase in South Korea, highlighting the need to clearly identify the related lifestyle factors. Therefore, this study aims to specify lifestyle factors and discuss the necessity of establishing preventive strategies. Objective This study aims to elucidate the multifactorial interactions of lifestyle factors with the risk of MetS and periodontal disease among Korean adults. In addition, it seeks to define modifiable risk factors for MetS and periodontal disease and to explore integrated health promotion strategies based on these factors. Results Lifestyle factors (physical activity, sleep duration, smoking, alcohol consumption, toothbrushing frequency, use of oral hygiene products, and stress) as well as periodontal disease were all significantly associated with MetS. Periodontal disease independently influenced the occurrence of MetS, even after adjusting for general characteristics and lifestyle factors; individuals with periodontal disease had a significantly higher likelihood of having MetS compared with those without periodontal disease (OR = 1.29, p < 0.001). Among general characteristics, sex, age, obesity, and education level were significantly associated with MetS. In particular, compared with adults aged 19–34 years, those aged 65 years and older had a markedly higher risk of MetS (OR = 5.29, p < 0.001), and individuals with obesity also showed a substantially elevated likelihood of MetS (OR = 7.02, p < 0.001). Regarding lifestyle factors, moderate or higher levels of physical activity (OR = 0.85, p = 0.010) and brushing teeth four or more times per day (OR = 0.78, p = 0.008) were identified as protective factors associated with a reduced risk of MetS. Conversely, sleeping duration less than 6 h (OR = 1.21, p = 0.021), current smoking (OR = 1.33, p = 0.006), and high-risk alcohol consumption (OR = 1.38, p = 0.001) were confirmed as significant risk factors that increased the likelihood of developing MetS. Conclusion This study confirmed that lifestyle habits significantly influence both MetS and periodontal disease. Therefore, preventing MetS requires a multifaceted approach centered on lifestyle risk factors, necessitating the development and application of public health policies and oral health management programs tailored to the Korean context.

Impact of lifestyle habits and periodontal disease on metabolic syndrome in South Korean adults

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发表日期：

2025年11月27日

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YuYeon Jung

摘要

Background

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) and periodontal disease cause various systemic complications through shared inflammatory mechanisms, yet social and academic awareness of these conditions remains insufficient. Recently, the prevalence of both diseases has continued to increase in South Korea, highlighting the need to clearly identify the related lifestyle factors. Therefore, this study aims to specify lifestyle factors and discuss the necessity of establishing preventive strategies.

Objective

This study aims to elucidate the multifactorial interactions of lifestyle factors with the risk of MetS and periodontal disease among Korean adults. In addition, it seeks to define modifiable risk factors for MetS and periodontal disease and to explore integrated health promotion strategies based on these factors.

Results

Lifestyle factors (physical activity, sleep duration, smoking, alcohol consumption, toothbrushing frequency, use of oral hygiene products, and stress) as well as periodontal disease were all significantly associated with MetS. Periodontal disease independently influenced the occurrence of MetS, even after adjusting for general characteristics and lifestyle factors; individuals with periodontal disease had a significantly higher likelihood of having MetS compared with those without periodontal disease (OR = 1.29, p < 0.001). Among general characteristics, sex, age, obesity, and education level were significantly associated with MetS. In particular, compared with adults aged 19–34 years, those aged 65 years and older had a markedly higher risk of MetS (OR = 5.29, p < 0.001), and individuals with obesity also showed a substantially elevated likelihood of MetS (OR = 7.02, p < 0.001). Regarding lifestyle factors, moderate or higher levels of physical activity (OR = 0.85, p = 0.010) and brushing teeth four or more times per day (OR = 0.78, p = 0.008) were identified as protective factors associated with a reduced risk of MetS. Conversely, sleeping duration less than 6 h (OR = 1.21, p = 0.021), current smoking (OR = 1.33, p = 0.006), and high-risk alcohol consumption (OR = 1.38, p = 0.001) were confirmed as significant risk factors that increased the likelihood of developing MetS.

Conclusion

This study confirmed that lifestyle habits significantly influence both MetS and periodontal disease. Therefore, preventing MetS requires a multifaceted approach centered on lifestyle risk factors, necessitating the development and application of public health policies and oral health management programs tailored to the Korean context.