Background <p>The environmental consequences of toxic pollutants on human health have become an emerging concern in the industrialized world. With their presence exceeding permissible limits in the environment, exposure to these pollutants can lead to various health problems, including organ damage, hepatotoxicity, neurotoxicity, cardiovascular toxicity, reproductive toxicity, immune system suppression, and cancer. Leading with calcium ions (Ca²⁺), which serve as universal second messengers regulating critical activities in eukaryotes, dysregulation of calcium signaling is a potential mechanism for the impaired function of body systems.</p> Objectives <p>Building on previous studies that link calcium regulation to human diseases, it is critical to assess the impact of environmental pollutants that disrupt calcium homeostasis. However, evaluating these pollutants in humans is a significant challenge. The use of zebrafish models for investigating the risks of various environmental pollutants and the effects of calcium dynamics, along with their physiological characteristics, provides valuable insights into related human health concerns. This study offers a framework for understanding calcium signaling mechanisms and their functions in vertebrates using in vivo zebrafish models.</p> Conclusion <p>This review summarizes the use of zebrafish models to investigate calcium dynamics in response to environmental pollutant exposure and highlights biomonitoring methods to address unresolved concerns. Future research on emerging pollutants found in the environment can be advanced by evaluating them using a zebrafish model system.</p>