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Background <p>Some plant RNA viruses in the family <i>Betaflexiviridae</i> encode a nucleic acid-binding protein (NABP), which enhances viral infectivity. Until recently, Salvia divinorum RNA virus 1 (SdRV1) was the only known member of the genus <i>Citrivirus</i> to encode a NABP.</p> Objective <p>This study aimed to identify novel <i>Betaflexiviridae</i> genomes encoding NABPs and to investigate their evolutionary origins through comparative and phylogenetic analysis.</p> Methods <p>Publicly available plant transcriptome datasets were screened to identify <i>Betaflexiviridae</i>-like viral sequences. Twelve viral genome contigs corresponding to ten distinct viruses were assembled and annotated. Phylogenetic trees were constructed using replicase and NABP protein sequences.</p> Results <p>Six putative novel species were identified within the genera <i>Citrivirus</i>, <i>Prunevirus</i>, and a potential new genus. Aquilaria sinensis virus 1 (AquSiV1) encoded a NABP, making it the second known <i>Citrivirus</i> with a putative copy of this gene. Hippophae rhamnoides virus 1 (HipRhV1), which also encoded a NABP, formed a distinct lineage, possibly representing a novel genus. Phylogenetic analysis of NABPs revealed topologies incongruent with the replicase phylogeny, suggesting recurrent, independent acquisition events.</p> Conclusion <p>These findings expand the known genomic and taxonomic diversity of the genera <i>Citrivirus</i> and <i>Prunevirus</i>, and support the hypothesis that NABP genes have been independently and repeatedly acquired within the family <i>Betaflexiviridae</i>.</p>

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Novel citrivirus and prunevirus genomes further demonstrate the recurrent, independent acquisition of nucleic acid-binding proteins in the family Betaflexiviridae

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月9日

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  • Hyerin Park,
  • Dongjin Choi,
  • Seungwoo Baek,
  • Myeung Seok Choi,
  • Yoonsoo Hahn

摘要

Background

Some plant RNA viruses in the family Betaflexiviridae encode a nucleic acid-binding protein (NABP), which enhances viral infectivity. Until recently, Salvia divinorum RNA virus 1 (SdRV1) was the only known member of the genus Citrivirus to encode a NABP.

Objective

This study aimed to identify novel Betaflexiviridae genomes encoding NABPs and to investigate their evolutionary origins through comparative and phylogenetic analysis.

Methods

Publicly available plant transcriptome datasets were screened to identify Betaflexiviridae-like viral sequences. Twelve viral genome contigs corresponding to ten distinct viruses were assembled and annotated. Phylogenetic trees were constructed using replicase and NABP protein sequences.

Results

Six putative novel species were identified within the genera Citrivirus, Prunevirus, and a potential new genus. Aquilaria sinensis virus 1 (AquSiV1) encoded a NABP, making it the second known Citrivirus with a putative copy of this gene. Hippophae rhamnoides virus 1 (HipRhV1), which also encoded a NABP, formed a distinct lineage, possibly representing a novel genus. Phylogenetic analysis of NABPs revealed topologies incongruent with the replicase phylogeny, suggesting recurrent, independent acquisition events.

Conclusion

These findings expand the known genomic and taxonomic diversity of the genera Citrivirus and Prunevirus, and support the hypothesis that NABP genes have been independently and repeatedly acquired within the family Betaflexiviridae.