Personalized immunotherapy approaches in gynecological cancers and breast cancer: a comprehensive review
摘要
Immunotherapy as personalized treatment provides novel prospects for the management of gynecological cancers, namely endometrial, cervical, and ovarian cancers, along with breast cancer. This manuscript represents a comprehensive overview of immunotherapeutic approaches in gynecological cancers and breast cancer, including immune checkpoint inhibitors, adoptive cell therapies, cancer vaccines, monoclonal antibodies, and oncolytic viruses. These therapies have shown potential effects in cancer therapeutics by precisely targeting the tumor cells' and their mechanism of action. Multiple immunotherapies along with a list of ongoing clinical trials specific to gynecological cancers and breast cancer, still under investigation. Inspite of noteworthy progress in cancer therapeutics, challenges such as immune resistance, tumor-heterogeneity, and treatment-related adverse effects are still to be overcome and immunological agents’ efficiency also remains hindered in immunologically "cold" tumors, further necessitating the use of combination therapies. Cancer therapeutics is also challenged by the dynamic tumor-microenvironment. In this regard, multi-omics-driven personalized immunotherapy, the advancement of next-generation cell and the development of viral therapies, and integrative treatment frameworks may help to enhance therapeutic outcomes and overcome current limitations. This article aligns with SDG 3 (Good Health and Well-Being) of the UN Agenda for Sustainable Development.