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<p>Silent estrus remains a significant barrier to efficient reproductive management in buffaloes, resulting in missed breeding opportunities and economic losses. Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) represent promising biomarkers due to their stability in blood and regulatory roles in ovarian physiology. To explore this gap, we collected blood from Murrah breed of Indian river buffalo heifers during hormonally and ultrasonographically confirmed estrus and diestrus stages. The study profiled blood-derived miRNAs, with significant miRNAs confirmed by quantitative PCR (qPCR). Analysis using the UEA sRNA Workbench identified 104 differentially expressed miRNAs (adjusted <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05), with 89 upregulated and 25 downregulated during estrus. Important estrus-associated miRNAs included miR-23, miR-223, miR-582, miR-497, and miR-1296. qPCR validation confirmed the expression patterns of selected candidates, with miR-23 emerging as the most consistent biomarker. Pathway enrichment analysis of predicted miRNA targets highlighted WNT, NGF, insulin, and prolactin signalling pathways, all of which are implicated in follicular development and steroidogenesis. These findings demonstrate distinct stage-specific miRNA expression profiles in buffalo blood and identify miR-23 as a robust biomarker for estrus detection. This work provides a foundation for developing rapid, minimally invasive, miRNA-based estrus detection tools to improve reproductive efficiency in buffalo herds, and aligns with SDG 3 (Good Health and Well-Being) of the UN Agenda for Sustainable Development.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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miR-23 has been identified as a blood biomarker useful for estrus identification in Indian river buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis)

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月6日

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  • Naveen Swaroop Murikipudi,
  • Pushpanjali Singh,
  • Sunil Kumar,
  • Chhama Singh,
  • Rakshita Singh,
  • Tanvi Bhatia,
  • Prashant Kumar,
  • Prashant Singh,
  • Anuradha Bhardwaj,
  • Sanjay Kumar,
  • Sushil Kumar Phulia,
  • Navneet Saxena,
  • Rakesh Kumar Sharma,
  • Varij Nayan

摘要

Silent estrus remains a significant barrier to efficient reproductive management in buffaloes, resulting in missed breeding opportunities and economic losses. Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) represent promising biomarkers due to their stability in blood and regulatory roles in ovarian physiology. To explore this gap, we collected blood from Murrah breed of Indian river buffalo heifers during hormonally and ultrasonographically confirmed estrus and diestrus stages. The study profiled blood-derived miRNAs, with significant miRNAs confirmed by quantitative PCR (qPCR). Analysis using the UEA sRNA Workbench identified 104 differentially expressed miRNAs (adjusted p < 0.05), with 89 upregulated and 25 downregulated during estrus. Important estrus-associated miRNAs included miR-23, miR-223, miR-582, miR-497, and miR-1296. qPCR validation confirmed the expression patterns of selected candidates, with miR-23 emerging as the most consistent biomarker. Pathway enrichment analysis of predicted miRNA targets highlighted WNT, NGF, insulin, and prolactin signalling pathways, all of which are implicated in follicular development and steroidogenesis. These findings demonstrate distinct stage-specific miRNA expression profiles in buffalo blood and identify miR-23 as a robust biomarker for estrus detection. This work provides a foundation for developing rapid, minimally invasive, miRNA-based estrus detection tools to improve reproductive efficiency in buffalo herds, and aligns with SDG 3 (Good Health and Well-Being) of the UN Agenda for Sustainable Development.

Graphical abstract