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<p>Sweet corn is increasingly valued as a dual-purpose crop providing both edible cobs and nutritious green fodder; however, information on genetic variability and stability for fodder quality remains limited. This study assessed genetic diversity among eleven <i>shrunken2</i> (<i>sh2</i>)-based sweet corn inbreds using 81 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers, followed by a multi-environment evaluation of 30 derived hybrids across three agro-climatic locations. Molecular analysis revealed substantial allelic diversity, detecting 189 alleles with moderate polymorphism (mean PIC = 0.36), and identified three major genetic clusters, supporting their utility in understanding parental diversity and hybridization. Pooled ANOVA indicated significant (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) effects of genotype, environment, and genotype × environment (G × E) interactions for all yield and fodder quality traits, underscoring the need for stability analysis. Wide genetic variation was observed for cob yield (9.00-15.95 t ha⁻<sup>1</sup>), green fodder yield (14.36-26.44 t ha⁻<sup>1</sup>), and key quality traits, including crude protein (7.51-13.65%) and in vitro dry matter digestibility (58.96-62.76%). Correlation analysis revealed positive associations, particularly between cob and green fodder yield (r = 0.42, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) and between green fodder yield and in vitro dry matter digestibility (r = 0.42, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). Genotypic stability and multi-trait performance were comprehensively evaluated using AMMI analysis, Y × WAAS biplots, and MGIDI. AMMI and Y × WAAS analyses effectively identified hybrids combining high mean performance with broad adaptability for yield and fodder quality traits. Furthermore, MGIDI facilitated simultaneous selection for yield, sweetness, and quality, thereby identifying six sweet corn hybrids, TNAU-IARI-SC-13, TNAU-IARI-SC-4, TNAU-IARI-SC-8, TNAU-IARI-SC-23, TNAU-IARI-SC-21, and TNAU-IARI-SC-27. These newly identified sweet corn hybrids with high yield, and nutritionally superior fodder assume great significance for food and feed security. This article aligns with SDG-02 (Zero Hunger) and SDG-15 (Life on Land) of the UN Agenda of Sustainable Development by implementing a multi-trait genetic selection framework to advance high-yielding, dual-purpose sweet corn hybrids that simultaneously address human food demands and livestock feed resources.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Development and evaluation of sub-tropically adapted sweet corn hybrids for dual-purpose utilization with emphasis on yield and fodder quality traits

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月10日

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  • Puja Mandal,
  • Babu Chakrapani,
  • Vignesh Muthusamy,
  • Brijesh Kumar Mehta,
  • Parameshwaran Mathavaraj,
  • Rashmi Chhabra,
  • Senthil Natesan,
  • Chandrakumar Kalichamy,
  • Kumari Vinodhana Natarajan,
  • Rajkumar Uttamrao Zunjare,
  • Javaji Chandra Sekhar,
  • Ravikesavan Rajasekaran,
  • Firoz Hossain

摘要

Sweet corn is increasingly valued as a dual-purpose crop providing both edible cobs and nutritious green fodder; however, information on genetic variability and stability for fodder quality remains limited. This study assessed genetic diversity among eleven shrunken2 (sh2)-based sweet corn inbreds using 81 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers, followed by a multi-environment evaluation of 30 derived hybrids across three agro-climatic locations. Molecular analysis revealed substantial allelic diversity, detecting 189 alleles with moderate polymorphism (mean PIC = 0.36), and identified three major genetic clusters, supporting their utility in understanding parental diversity and hybridization. Pooled ANOVA indicated significant (p < 0.05) effects of genotype, environment, and genotype × environment (G × E) interactions for all yield and fodder quality traits, underscoring the need for stability analysis. Wide genetic variation was observed for cob yield (9.00-15.95 t ha⁻1), green fodder yield (14.36-26.44 t ha⁻1), and key quality traits, including crude protein (7.51-13.65%) and in vitro dry matter digestibility (58.96-62.76%). Correlation analysis revealed positive associations, particularly between cob and green fodder yield (r = 0.42, p < 0.001) and between green fodder yield and in vitro dry matter digestibility (r = 0.42, p < 0.001). Genotypic stability and multi-trait performance were comprehensively evaluated using AMMI analysis, Y × WAAS biplots, and MGIDI. AMMI and Y × WAAS analyses effectively identified hybrids combining high mean performance with broad adaptability for yield and fodder quality traits. Furthermore, MGIDI facilitated simultaneous selection for yield, sweetness, and quality, thereby identifying six sweet corn hybrids, TNAU-IARI-SC-13, TNAU-IARI-SC-4, TNAU-IARI-SC-8, TNAU-IARI-SC-23, TNAU-IARI-SC-21, and TNAU-IARI-SC-27. These newly identified sweet corn hybrids with high yield, and nutritionally superior fodder assume great significance for food and feed security. This article aligns with SDG-02 (Zero Hunger) and SDG-15 (Life on Land) of the UN Agenda of Sustainable Development by implementing a multi-trait genetic selection framework to advance high-yielding, dual-purpose sweet corn hybrids that simultaneously address human food demands and livestock feed resources.

Graphical abstract