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<p>Allelopathic compounds from native plants are promising environmentally sustainable alternatives for weed management. This study evaluated the phytotoxic, cytotoxic, and genotoxic effects of <i>Mimosa caesalpiniifolia</i> aqueous extract on <i>Lactuca sativa</i> seeds and seedlings, integrating physiological, biochemical, cytological, and flow cytometric analyses. Germination and root growth were markedly inhibited, with persistent suppression of root elongation despite partial recovery of germination. Biochemical assays revealed dose-dependent inhibition of antioxidant enzymes: peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and polyphenol oxidase (PPO), indicating impairment of the antioxidative defense system and consequent accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Cytogenetic analyses showed a significant reduction in the mitotic index and the occurrence of chromosomal abnormalities such as stickiness, bridges, and fragmentation, especially at 50, 75, and 100% extract concentrations, evidencing clastogenic and aneugenic effects. DNA damage was further confirmed by TUNEL assays, which revealed a high frequency of nuclei with moderate to severe DNA fragmentation. Flow cytometry analyses supported these findings, with a marked increase in sub-G1 cell population at 100% extract concentration, suggesting irreversible cell cycle arrest and programmed cell death. The results indicate that <i>M. caesalpiniifolia</i> extract induces oxidative stress, chromosomal instability, mitotic disruption, and apoptosis-like responses, highlighting its potential as a natural bioinhibitor for sustainable weed control. This article aligns with SDG 15 (Life on Land) of the UN Agenda for Sustainable Development.</p>

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Oxidative imbalance, mitotic inhibition, and DNA damage in early development of lettuce induced by Mimosa caesalpiniifolia Benth. (Fabaceae) aqueous extract

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月10日

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  • Camila Martins Rocha,
  • Ariany Lacerda Nogueira Day,
  • Juliana Tatiara da Costa Siqueira,
  • Aryane Campos Reis,
  • Lyderson Facio Viccini,
  • Paulo Henrique Pereira Peixoto,
  • Saulo Marçal de Sousa

摘要

Allelopathic compounds from native plants are promising environmentally sustainable alternatives for weed management. This study evaluated the phytotoxic, cytotoxic, and genotoxic effects of Mimosa caesalpiniifolia aqueous extract on Lactuca sativa seeds and seedlings, integrating physiological, biochemical, cytological, and flow cytometric analyses. Germination and root growth were markedly inhibited, with persistent suppression of root elongation despite partial recovery of germination. Biochemical assays revealed dose-dependent inhibition of antioxidant enzymes: peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and polyphenol oxidase (PPO), indicating impairment of the antioxidative defense system and consequent accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Cytogenetic analyses showed a significant reduction in the mitotic index and the occurrence of chromosomal abnormalities such as stickiness, bridges, and fragmentation, especially at 50, 75, and 100% extract concentrations, evidencing clastogenic and aneugenic effects. DNA damage was further confirmed by TUNEL assays, which revealed a high frequency of nuclei with moderate to severe DNA fragmentation. Flow cytometry analyses supported these findings, with a marked increase in sub-G1 cell population at 100% extract concentration, suggesting irreversible cell cycle arrest and programmed cell death. The results indicate that M. caesalpiniifolia extract induces oxidative stress, chromosomal instability, mitotic disruption, and apoptosis-like responses, highlighting its potential as a natural bioinhibitor for sustainable weed control. This article aligns with SDG 15 (Life on Land) of the UN Agenda for Sustainable Development.