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<p>The WRKY transcription factor family regulates growth, and phytochrome signalling, and confers tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses across the plant species. In this study, a genome-wide analysis of the WRKY TF family in finger millet (<i>Eleusine coracana</i> L), a well-adapted crop to subsistence farming of drylands and semiarid regions of the world was conducted. A total of 179 <i>EcWRKY</i> genes were mined and categorized based on their conserved zinc-finger motif and WRKY DNA binding domains. The gene structure analysis revealed that <i>EcWRKY</i> have introns varying from intron less to five in numbers and most of them have three exons. The gene ontology and cis regulatory elements suggest that MYB, MYC, and W-box are the most prevalent regulatory elements in the promoter region of finger millet, contributing to stress tolerance, plant-pathogen interactions, and MAPK signalling. The probability of <i>EcWRKY</i> genes being expressed under salinity and drought conditions was predicted using Machine Learning (ML) algorithms prior to conducting expression profiling. Using ML, the five <i>EcWRKY</i> candidate genes were predicted to be expressed under salinity and drought stress and were validated through qRT-PCR expression profiling. However, one of the gene <i>EcWRKY99</i> seems to be potential candidate for both salinity and drought stress, based on its abundant transcripts in the finger millet root and shoot tissues. To the best of our knowledge for the first time and efforts have been made to understand the regulatory mechanism and functional characterization of the <i>WRKY</i> gene family in finger millet using a holistic approach comprising of bioinformatics, machine learning and wet-lab based experimentation. It will provide a basis for further in-depth analysis of these important gene families in an underutilized but sturdy crop like finger millet. This article aligns with SDG 15 (Life on Land) of the UN Agenda for Sustainable Development.</p>

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Genome-wide insights of finger millet reveal EcWRKY99 as candidate gene for drought and salinity stress tolerance

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月27日

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  • Varsha Rani,
  • Maryam Farid,
  • Theivanayagam Maharajan,
  • Dinesh Chandra Joshi,
  • Dinesh Yadav

摘要

The WRKY transcription factor family regulates growth, and phytochrome signalling, and confers tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses across the plant species. In this study, a genome-wide analysis of the WRKY TF family in finger millet (Eleusine coracana L), a well-adapted crop to subsistence farming of drylands and semiarid regions of the world was conducted. A total of 179 EcWRKY genes were mined and categorized based on their conserved zinc-finger motif and WRKY DNA binding domains. The gene structure analysis revealed that EcWRKY have introns varying from intron less to five in numbers and most of them have three exons. The gene ontology and cis regulatory elements suggest that MYB, MYC, and W-box are the most prevalent regulatory elements in the promoter region of finger millet, contributing to stress tolerance, plant-pathogen interactions, and MAPK signalling. The probability of EcWRKY genes being expressed under salinity and drought conditions was predicted using Machine Learning (ML) algorithms prior to conducting expression profiling. Using ML, the five EcWRKY candidate genes were predicted to be expressed under salinity and drought stress and were validated through qRT-PCR expression profiling. However, one of the gene EcWRKY99 seems to be potential candidate for both salinity and drought stress, based on its abundant transcripts in the finger millet root and shoot tissues. To the best of our knowledge for the first time and efforts have been made to understand the regulatory mechanism and functional characterization of the WRKY gene family in finger millet using a holistic approach comprising of bioinformatics, machine learning and wet-lab based experimentation. It will provide a basis for further in-depth analysis of these important gene families in an underutilized but sturdy crop like finger millet. This article aligns with SDG 15 (Life on Land) of the UN Agenda for Sustainable Development.