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<p>Corn yields unisexual flowers due to genetically controlled by sex-determining genes such as <i>silkless1</i> (<i>sk1</i>), <i>tasselseed1</i> (<i>ts1</i>), <i>tasselseed2</i> (<i>ts2</i>), and <i>tasselseed4</i> (<i>ts4</i>) in tassel and ear&#xa0;florets. These genes are crucial for breeding applications in the development of silkless baby corn hybrids. In this study, we characterized 23 newly developed maize genotypes, including 19 mutant gene-based (<i>sk1, ts1, ts2,</i> and <i>ts4</i>), as well as four wild-type inbreds. We designed and validated novel genic simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers for <i>sk1, ts1,</i> and <i>ts2</i> to analyze allelic variations among elite subtropical baby corn inbreds. Among the 24 gene-specific markers, 15 were polymorphic, revealing 48 alleles with a mean gene diversity of 0.36 and an average polymorphism information content (PIC) of 0.31. Three markers (<i>sk15, ts21-2,</i> and <i>sk11</i>) were the most informative (PIC: 0.55–0.67) markers. The allelic diversity of the <i>sk1</i>, <i>ts1,</i> and <i>ts2</i> genes revealed the presence of 13, 25, and 10 alleles, respectively. Furthermore, a total of 57 genomic SSR markers were used to evaluate molecular diversity and similarity. The percentage of polymorphic genomic SSRs was high (94.49%), with allele counts ranging from 2.00 to 5.00 and a maximum PIC value of 0.73 (<i>bnlg1108</i>). Five genomic SSR markers (<i>bnlg1108, umc1766, umc1230, bnlg1031,</i> and <i>umc2011</i>) were the most informative markers. Cluster and principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) revealed that the mutant genotypes were grouped by pedigree, but the wild-type inbred lines were clearly separated, demonstrating successful introgression of the mutant allele into subtropical germplasms. Our study represents the first systematic molecular characterization of sex-determining gene-based subtropically adapted genotypes and foundational research for the development of novel silkless baby corn hybrids worldwide.</p>

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Molecular characterization of novel sex determining genes (silkless1-, tasselseed1-, tasselseed2- and tasselseed4-) based maize genotypes using genic- and genomic- SSR markers

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月13日

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  • Anurag Awasthi,
  • Rajkumar Uttamrao Zunjare,
  • Firoz Hossain,
  • Vignesh Muthusamy,
  • Gulab Chand,
  • Ashvinkumar Katral

摘要

Corn yields unisexual flowers due to genetically controlled by sex-determining genes such as silkless1 (sk1), tasselseed1 (ts1), tasselseed2 (ts2), and tasselseed4 (ts4) in tassel and ear florets. These genes are crucial for breeding applications in the development of silkless baby corn hybrids. In this study, we characterized 23 newly developed maize genotypes, including 19 mutant gene-based (sk1, ts1, ts2, and ts4), as well as four wild-type inbreds. We designed and validated novel genic simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers for sk1, ts1, and ts2 to analyze allelic variations among elite subtropical baby corn inbreds. Among the 24 gene-specific markers, 15 were polymorphic, revealing 48 alleles with a mean gene diversity of 0.36 and an average polymorphism information content (PIC) of 0.31. Three markers (sk15, ts21-2, and sk11) were the most informative (PIC: 0.55–0.67) markers. The allelic diversity of the sk1, ts1, and ts2 genes revealed the presence of 13, 25, and 10 alleles, respectively. Furthermore, a total of 57 genomic SSR markers were used to evaluate molecular diversity and similarity. The percentage of polymorphic genomic SSRs was high (94.49%), with allele counts ranging from 2.00 to 5.00 and a maximum PIC value of 0.73 (bnlg1108). Five genomic SSR markers (bnlg1108, umc1766, umc1230, bnlg1031, and umc2011) were the most informative markers. Cluster and principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) revealed that the mutant genotypes were grouped by pedigree, but the wild-type inbred lines were clearly separated, demonstrating successful introgression of the mutant allele into subtropical germplasms. Our study represents the first systematic molecular characterization of sex-determining gene-based subtropically adapted genotypes and foundational research for the development of novel silkless baby corn hybrids worldwide.