Tribbles (TRIB) pseudokinase in cancer: an emerging key player
摘要
Tribbles pseudokinase (TRIB1, TRIB2, and TRIB3) are emerging as key modulators of cancer biology, despite lacking classical catalytic activity. Acting as molecular scaffolds and regulators of protein stability, TRIB proteins influence critical signaling pathways by orchestrating interactions between kinases, transcription factors, and ubiquitin ligases. Their ability to bridge phosphorylation and ubiquitination networks enables fine-tuned control over cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival. Recent studies have identified dysregulated TRIB expression and function across a wide range of malignancies, including leukemia, melanoma, lung, liver, breast, and prostate cancers. In particular, TRIB-mediated degradation of tumor suppressors and stabilization of oncogenic proteins has positioned these pseudokinases as central players in tumor initiation and progression. This review discusses the current insights into the structure, function, and oncogenic roles of TRIB proteins, highlighting their potential as diagnostic markers and novel therapeutic targets in cancer.