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<p>Climate change poses a significant threat to key staple crops such as rice, wheat, and maize, which together account for nearly 80% of global food consumption. These crops are highly vulnerable to various environmental challenges, including water scarcity, salinity, extreme temperatures, and nutrient stress, all of which contribute to substantial yield reductions. To ensure food sustainability, diversification of agricultural cropping systems is essential, particularly through the inclusion of underutilized and resilient crops like millets. Millets, with their inherent tolerance to abiotic stresses, offer a promising solution for climate-resilient agriculture. Unlike rice, wheat, and maize, which require intensive inputs and are vulnerable to climatic fluctuations, millets can thrive under adverse conditions such as poor soil fertility, low rainfall, drought, and salinity. Historically, millets were widely cultivated, but the green revolution’s emphasis on rice and wheat led to their gradual decline. However, recent advancements in cultivation practices and cross-cultural exchange have sparked a resurgence in millet farming, particularly in rainfed areas where their potential can be fully realized with proper soil management and nutrient supplementation. The climate resilience properties of millets extend beyond their ability to withstand harsh environments. This review dispels the millets’ anatomical, biochemical, biophysical, and physiological traits that make them particularly suited to addressing food security challenges in a climate-constrained world. With minimal water and nutrient requirements, increased resistance to both biotic and abiotic stresses, and a lower dependence on synthetic fertilizers, millets present a sustainable alternative to conventional cereals. Moreover, millets offer a superior nutritional profile, being rich in essential minerals, vitamins, bioactive compounds, dietary fiber, and gluten-free proteins, making them a nutrient-denser alternative to rice, wheat, and maize. In the context of a changing climate, millets offer a crucial pathway toward achieving both food security and nutritional security through sustainable agricultural practices.</p>

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The role of millets in climate-resilient agriculture for conserving global food security amidst climate change

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月2日

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  • Krishna Kasanaboina,
  • Ishwarya Lakshmi VG,
  • Swathi Rekha Nandigam,
  • Kommineni Jagadeesh,
  • Stanislaus Antony Ceasar

摘要

Climate change poses a significant threat to key staple crops such as rice, wheat, and maize, which together account for nearly 80% of global food consumption. These crops are highly vulnerable to various environmental challenges, including water scarcity, salinity, extreme temperatures, and nutrient stress, all of which contribute to substantial yield reductions. To ensure food sustainability, diversification of agricultural cropping systems is essential, particularly through the inclusion of underutilized and resilient crops like millets. Millets, with their inherent tolerance to abiotic stresses, offer a promising solution for climate-resilient agriculture. Unlike rice, wheat, and maize, which require intensive inputs and are vulnerable to climatic fluctuations, millets can thrive under adverse conditions such as poor soil fertility, low rainfall, drought, and salinity. Historically, millets were widely cultivated, but the green revolution’s emphasis on rice and wheat led to their gradual decline. However, recent advancements in cultivation practices and cross-cultural exchange have sparked a resurgence in millet farming, particularly in rainfed areas where their potential can be fully realized with proper soil management and nutrient supplementation. The climate resilience properties of millets extend beyond their ability to withstand harsh environments. This review dispels the millets’ anatomical, biochemical, biophysical, and physiological traits that make them particularly suited to addressing food security challenges in a climate-constrained world. With minimal water and nutrient requirements, increased resistance to both biotic and abiotic stresses, and a lower dependence on synthetic fertilizers, millets present a sustainable alternative to conventional cereals. Moreover, millets offer a superior nutritional profile, being rich in essential minerals, vitamins, bioactive compounds, dietary fiber, and gluten-free proteins, making them a nutrient-denser alternative to rice, wheat, and maize. In the context of a changing climate, millets offer a crucial pathway toward achieving both food security and nutritional security through sustainable agricultural practices.