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<p>Viruses persist as formidable adversaries in human history, exhibiting continuous evolution and unpredictable threats to global health. The conventional approach of administering multiple vaccines for diverse viral diseases faces logistical challenges and skepticism from vaccine critics. In addressing these complexities, our study introduces a novel solution—a pan vaccine (Universal vaccine: DusVax)—offering a singular defense against various viral infections. We designed a novel multi-epitope-based peptide vaccine, incorporating antigenically relevant structural proteins from ten distinct viruses. This study identified highly antigenic B-cell and T-cell (MHC-I and MHC-II) epitopes using specific viral structural proteins to induce a strong immune response. To maintain the safety of the vaccine, the chosen epitopes were examined to ensure their non-toxicity and non-allergenicity. To improve the immunogenicity and specificity of the vaccine, an adjuvant was additionally added and the selected epitopes were conjoined using linkers. The antigenic properties of the vaccine construct were confirmed through the VaxiJen server, boasting a score of 0.8610 well above the 0.4 threshold. Using Cluspro 2.0, the interaction of the vaccine design with major histocompatibility complexes (MHCs) and toll-like receptor 3 (TLR-3) was evaluated. MHC-I, MHC-II, and TLR3 showed binding energies of − 1094.0, − 1196.1, and − 1182.5 kCal/mole, respectively. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation using GROMACS was employed to ensure the sustainability of these complexes over 100&#xa0;ns, assessing their stability under various biological conditions. This study has also conducted C-IMMSIMM immunological simulations for three doses to assess potential effects on the immune system upon administration. Nevertheless, further investigations are essential to ascertain the safety and efficacy of the vaccine formulation. These additional studies are crucial for corroborating the computational findings presented in this study, spanning both in vitro and in vivo levels.</p>

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DusVax: a universal pan-viral multi-epitope vaccine (PV-MEV) for pandemic preparedness against ten high-priority viral pathogens

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月11日

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  • Allah Rakha Yaseen,
  • Muhammad Suleman,
  • Mahrukh Afzal,
  • Hania Usama,
  • Warda Ashfaq,
  • Sehrish Firyal,
  • Ayesha Arif,
  • Amna Latif,
  • Ali Asghar,
  • Abdul Salam Qadri

摘要

Viruses persist as formidable adversaries in human history, exhibiting continuous evolution and unpredictable threats to global health. The conventional approach of administering multiple vaccines for diverse viral diseases faces logistical challenges and skepticism from vaccine critics. In addressing these complexities, our study introduces a novel solution—a pan vaccine (Universal vaccine: DusVax)—offering a singular defense against various viral infections. We designed a novel multi-epitope-based peptide vaccine, incorporating antigenically relevant structural proteins from ten distinct viruses. This study identified highly antigenic B-cell and T-cell (MHC-I and MHC-II) epitopes using specific viral structural proteins to induce a strong immune response. To maintain the safety of the vaccine, the chosen epitopes were examined to ensure their non-toxicity and non-allergenicity. To improve the immunogenicity and specificity of the vaccine, an adjuvant was additionally added and the selected epitopes were conjoined using linkers. The antigenic properties of the vaccine construct were confirmed through the VaxiJen server, boasting a score of 0.8610 well above the 0.4 threshold. Using Cluspro 2.0, the interaction of the vaccine design with major histocompatibility complexes (MHCs) and toll-like receptor 3 (TLR-3) was evaluated. MHC-I, MHC-II, and TLR3 showed binding energies of − 1094.0, − 1196.1, and − 1182.5 kCal/mole, respectively. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation using GROMACS was employed to ensure the sustainability of these complexes over 100 ns, assessing their stability under various biological conditions. This study has also conducted C-IMMSIMM immunological simulations for three doses to assess potential effects on the immune system upon administration. Nevertheless, further investigations are essential to ascertain the safety and efficacy of the vaccine formulation. These additional studies are crucial for corroborating the computational findings presented in this study, spanning both in vitro and in vivo levels.